Professional Documents
Culture Documents
I. INTRODUCTION
The cement industry is one of the two primary product
producers of carbon dioxide(CO2),creating up to 5% of
worldwide man made emissions of this gas, of which 50% is
from the chemical process and 40% from burning fuel. The
CO2 emission from the concrete is directly proportional to the
cement content used in the concrete mix; 900 kg of CO 2 are
emitted for the production of every ton of cement. Metakaolin
is in widespread use all over the world in the concrete
industry. The advantages of metakaolin are not only the many
concrete performance benefits, both in mechanical and
durability properties, but also the environmental benefits.
While the production of portland cement is associated with
high CO2 emissions. Metakaolin is a dehydroxylated form of
the clay mineral kaolinite. Metakaolin can be produced by
primary and secondary sources containing kaolinite are high
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the others were from different part of Iran were used. The
results indicate that the replacing F-M up to 20% has
noticeable effect on compressive strength in comparing with
mixture without metakaolin.
B. B. Patil1, P. D. Kumbhar examined that Strength and
Durability Properties of High Performance Concrete
incorporating High Reactivity Metakaolin the present paper
deals with the study of properties namely workability,
compressive strength and durability of M60 grade HPC mixes
incorporating different percentages of high reactivity
metakaolin by weight of cement along with some suitable
super plasticizer. The results of the study indicate that the
workability and strength properties of HPC mixes improved
by incorporating HRM up to a desirable content of 7.5% by
weight of cement. HPC mixes have also indicated better
resistance to the attacks of chemicals such as chlorides and
sulfates when the HPC mixes were exposed to theses chemical
for 180 days period.
Nova John in 2013 examined the Strength properties of
metakaolin admixed Concrete. This paper presents the results
of an experimental investigations carried out to find the
suitability of metakaolin in production of concrete. In the
present work, the results of a study carried out to investigate
the effects of Metakaolin on strength of concrete are
presented. The referral concrete M30 was made using 53grade
OPC and the other mixes were prepared by replacing part of
OPC with Metakaolin. The replacement levels were 5%, 10%,
15% up to 20 %( by weight) for Metakaolin. The various
results which indicate the effect of replacement of cement by
metakaolin on concrete are presented in this paper to draw
useful conclusions. The results were compared with reference
mix. Test results indicate that use of replacement cement by
metakalion in concrete has improved performance of concrete
up to 15%.
Sanjay N. Patil, Anil K. Gupta, Subhash S. Deshpande is
examined the Metakaolin- Pozzolanic Material for Cement in
High Strength Concrete. This paper deals with the use of
Metakaolin which is having good pozolanic activity and is a
good material for the production high strength concrete, which
is getting popularity because of its positive effect on various
properties of concrete.
Vikas Srivastava, Rakesh Kumar and V.C. Agarwal in
2012 examined the Effect on mechanical properties of
concrete by inclusion of metakaolin reported that metakaolin
inclusion increases the compressive, tensile, flexural and bend
strength and modulus of elasticity of concrete considerably;
however, the workability is slightly compromised. This paper
presents the review of investigations carried out to find the
suitability of metakaolin in production of concrete.
Canon has stated that by adding fly ash to the extent of 15%
by weight of cement in lean concrete (W/C=0.8) strength
equal to the corresponding plane concrete within 90days was
achieved.
C.Marthong, T.P.Agrawal in 2012 examined the Effect of
Fly Ash Additive on Concrete Properties. This paper reports a
comparative study on effects of concrete properties when OPC
of varying grades 33, 43, 53 were partially replaced by fly ash.
The main variable investigated in this study is variation of fly
ash dosage of 10%, 20%, 30% and 40%. The compressive
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1
2
3
4
5
Property
Test results
Normal consistency
Specific gravity
Initial setting time
Final setting time
Compressive
strength at
3days
7days
28days
29%
3.13
92 minutes
195 minutes
Phosphorus as P
0.32
Sulphate as SO3
1.23
D. Fine aggregate:
The fine aggregate used is natural sand obtained from the river
Godavari conforming to grading zone-II of table 3 of IS:
10262-2009. The results of various tests on fine aggregate are
given in table.
27.40 N/mm2
29.23 N/mm2
41.62 N/mm2
S. No
1
2
3
B. Metakaolin:
Metakaolin is brought from Vadodara having 50%-55% of
SiO2 is used all through the study.
Table No: 2 Physical properties of metakaolin
4
Properties
3
4
Properties
Range
71.4
95.90
45.0
88.80
3300
6250
50
62.40
to
to
to
Constituents
Loss on Ignition
Values (% by weight)
0.87
Silica as Sio2
62.93
3.56
22.61
Manganese as Mn
0.14
0.53
4.58
0.60
0.89
1.74
Property
Value
Specific gravity
2.78
Fineness modulus
8.83
Bulk density
Loose
Compacted
Nominal maximum size
14 kN/m3
16 kN/m3
20 mm
F.Water:
Ordinary potable tap water available in laboratory was used
for mixing and curing of concrete.
Table No: 7 Physical properties of water
to
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Zone-II
S. No
Grading
15kN/m3
16kN/m3
E. Coarse aggregate:
Coarse aggregate obtained from local quarry processing units
has been used for this study.
2.17
1.26
Spherical
Grey
2.1
C. Fly ash:
Fly ash is a finely divided residue that results from the
combustion of ground (or) pulverized coal and is transported
from boilers by flue gases are known as fly ash. It is an
industrial waste from thermal power stations on very scale. It
is brought from
Value
2.57
2.46
Value
Density (gm/cm3)
S.
No
Property
Specific gravity
Fineness modulus
Bulk density:
Loose
Compacted
S. No
Property
Value
PH
7.1
Taste
Agreeable
Appearance
Clear
Turbidity(NT units)
1.75
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potable water.
IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSIONS
According to IS:516-1964 conforming 9 cubes, 9 cylinders
and 9 beams are casted After 24 hours the moulds were demoulded and subjected to water curing. Before testing the
cubes were air dried for 2 hours. Crushing loads, split tensile
strength and flexural strength were noted and average of 3
specimens was determined at 7days, 28days and 90days. The
results are tabulated below
S.
No
Mix Id
Compressive strength(N/mm2)
7 days
28 days
90 days
NCC
21.35
32.62
37.21
2
3
F-M0
23.42
42.6
45.80
F-M5
30.13
44.25
46.23
F-M10
35.34
47.58
49.26
F-M15
30.8
44.6
46.17
Mix Id
Flexural strength(N/mm2)
7 days
28 days
90 days
1
2
NCC
4.1
5.05
6.08
F-M0
4.63
6.28
7.23
F-M5
5.02
6.50
7.54
F-M10
5.34
6.93
7.85
F-M15
5.21
6.70
7.62
Mix Id
No
7 days
28 days
90days
NCC
1.45
2.0
2.23
F-M0
2.0
2.4
2.9
F-M5
2.3
2.8
3.01
F-M10
2.9
3.03
3.3
F-M15
2.4
2.9
3.02
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V. CONCLUSIONS
It was observed that the compressive strength of F-M0, F-M5,
F-M10, and F-M15 at the age of 28 days has reached its target
mean strength however it was observed that the compressive
strength increased by 30%, 36%, 45% and 36.7% respectively
when compared with NCC. It was observed that the
compressive strength of F-M15 has reduced by 6%
respectively when compared with F-M10 at the age of 28 days.
Flexural strength (At 28 days) of F-M0, F-M5, F-M10 and FM15 has increased by 24%, 28%, 37% and 32% respectively
when compared with mix NCC. Flexural strength (At 28 days)
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