Volume 3, Issue 9, September – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Empowerment of Fishing Communities in the

Management of the Results of the Sea in Indonesia
Andi Sulfatih, Patta Rapanna, Nurlaely Razak
(Lecturer At High School Economics Makassar (Stiem) Bongaya), South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Abstract:- This type of qualitative research diversity of fisheries yield, in which the national development
phenomenological approach, the results showed that the goals of a just and prosperous, to achieve those goals need to
potential of the sea is very important in the people's be developed and maintained the resources available.
economy, raise the potential has not managed Indonesia's waters is the widest area of the Republic of
professionally, this is due to the fishing potential has not Indonesia to the waters where freshwater is estimated to be ±
been optimal, so the concept of empowerment and of 55 million acres comprising the River area of 11.95 million
Government policy in favour of fishermen is a real solution hectares, of the natural and artificial lake covering an area of
in making changes and increased progress in various 2.1 million hectares where all contains waters of various types
sectors of its main on community empowerment coastal of fish, aquatic plants, aquatic animals and so on, where the
fishing sector. waters and its benefits can be made as authorized capital of
development in an effort to increase well-being and prosperity
Keywords:- Empowerment, strategy, the fisherman, the sea, for all the people. Fisheries sector development more
the potential. emphasized on developing people's fisheries to improve the
nutritional quality of the community and create job
I. INTRODUCTION opportunities in increasing income and livelihood of
fishermen, where in its entirety is directed on increasing its
A. Background contribution in terms of tackling the national issues, namely:
Indonesia is the largest archipelago in the world with a (1) the availability of animal protein ingredients, (2) increase
sea area of 2/3 m2 total area of its territory. Based on the in foreign exchange, (3) create jobs, (4) increase the income
Declaration of 1957, the sea terminal building QUR'ANIC and welfare of fishermen.
PLURALITY is approximately 3.1 million square kilometers.
the area grew SO vast sea of additional Exclusive economic In traverse the policy improvements fisheries in these
zone (EEZ) of 2.7 million square kilometers, into a total of waters and coastal sea fisheries are given top priority, given
about 5.8 million square kilometers. Indonesia gets the some low-income residents make a living in these waters, as a
sovereign rights over the natural resources in the EEZ as far as result of such policies since the years 1968 – 2001 results
200 miles from the base of the Archipelago or straight up to throughout Indonesia fishery has increased rapidly, in a period
the limit of the ' continental margin’According to, Oentoro of increased marine fisheries yield the 723,000 tons in 1968
Surya (14/6 2009), that the nation of Indonesia should be able became 8,968,000 tons the year 2001 (BPS, 2002). When we
to succeed in the field of marine. The potential of our observe further that most of society Indonesia living in rural
wonderful sea, but since many circles that still underestimate areas of 80% of the entire population, most of whom are poor
the against the enormous natural wealth, the management of farmers and fishermen who still think and work in ways that
marine Indonesia not optimal results. The sea of Indonesia, are very simple, a situation which still characterizes the
this immense, inordinate economic potential that can be traditional society, the nature of this traditional education
developed, such as for the purpose of shipping, ports, backed by the relatively low and hang on to his life from the
fisheries, shipping, tourism, and mining, which of course agricultural sector in the sub systems. Whether as farmers or
would open up new jobs. Given the potential of marine fishermen who are low income, this means that the work as
resources and fisheries owned its utilization is still low, then farmers or fishermen are already so closely and can not be
attempts to grow the business activities of fishing in the separated in the process of their activities to the fulfillment of
fishery in regional revenue increase still had enough the needs of everyday life, because it work as farmers or
opportunities large. fishermen need to get attention to the improvement in standard
of living. In the socio-economic life not only concerning a
Indonesia is one of the countries that has a wealth of change in the rate of improvement of living conditions, but
natural resources shall, however, not least the potential of the also upholding the Division-Division of goodness. In the
natural resources that have not been maintained and is touched implementation of socio-economic life there are several
by technology. One of them is the potential of waters, factors that affect the level of community life such as culture,
therefore development policies on the fishery essentially leads social facilities and infrastructure as well as population. On
to welfare welfare, capacity, independence and access to the one hand the economic social life in his not entirely
fishing communities in the development process through tackling the lameness-social lameness. This indicates a
improved the quality and quantity of production, distributi and process that has a diversity of needs, which in fact only a

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Volume 3, Issue 9, September – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
fraction of the community concerned to alleviate the burden of democratic i.e. the policy of, by and for the public (the
suffering fellow human beings. people).

B. Formulation of the Problem Since the inception of the Law Number 32 year 2004
How does the empowerment of fishing communities in about local government and Law Number 33 year 2004,
the management of the results of the sea in Indonesia. enhanced with the process of decentralization legislation
requires power distributed to the lower layers of society.
II. A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE According to Sudantoko the implementation of promising a lot
of things for the benefit and welfare of the public life at the
A. Community Empowerment local level.
Empowerment efforts are in fact power or increased
helpless. Community empowerment can be interpreted as an According to the Regional Autonomy Law number 22
effort to standalone the public to actively participate in all year 1999 and Act No. 25 of the year 1999, the Government
aspects of development. Self-reliance is open means being and people in the area are welcome to take care of his
able to live alone but independent in decision-making, i.e. has household own responsibly. The Central Government is not
the ability to choose and courage rejected all forms of aid and controlled with full, but only to the extent of giving direction,
cooperation or unprofitable. monitor, monitor and evaluate the implementation of regional
autonomy. Thus every national policy should be implemented
With such an understanding, empowerment can be by the local government. Implementation is not only in the
defined as the process of planned to improve/upgrade the scale form of interpreting the policy in a technical manual, but also
of the utility of the object to be powered. Therefore having regard to various factors that affected it.
community empowerment is an effort to continuously improve
the dignity and the dignity of the lower layers of society who Michael e. Porter in Susy Susilawati (2007) tells us that
were not able to escape from the trap of poverty and competitive advantage from each State is determined by how
underdevelopment. In everyday understanding, community capable the country was able to create an environment that
empowerment is always the connotations as lower class fosters the competitiveness of every actor in it. In the context
community empowerment (grassroots) that are generally of global competition, then the task of the public sector is
assessed not defenceless. building an environment that allows each of the principals of
development able to develop themselves into the perpetrator-
Mainly grass root community participation in perpetrators are competitive. This environment can only be
development during the past 50 years it is something artificial, effectively created by the existence of public policy.
as the slogan, engineered and forced. With the implementation Therefore, the best public policy is the policy that encourages
of the pattern then place scant public participation. In the late every citizen to build community power competitiveness
1990 's, the community empowerment program in lieu of respectively and not more and plunges into a pattern of
coaching programs the community started to have a place dependency.
because the empirical evidence and experience in many
countries. Empowerment program into the new mainstream in While Suharto (2007) in Susy Susilawati (2007) stated
development and promoting developed by non-governmental that the policy (policy) at its core is the decisions or actions
organizations (NGOs). The program is the involvement of which directly regulate the management and distribution of
community empowerment and increased participation of the natural resources, financial, and a human being for the sake of
community, that community-based and because it rises in public interest, namely the people's lot, population, society or
accordance with their needs and aspirations, the program citizens. The policy in fact is the result of a synergy of
originated from the bottom (bottom up planning) which means compromise, or even competition among the various ideas,
community who proposed it, as well as a program of the theories, ideology, and representing the interests of the
nonprofit advocacy because the role of an outsider only as political system of a country. Other definitions similarly
accompany and provide an alternative solution to the expressed Nugroho (2008) in Susy Susilawati (2007), that
community. public policy is a decision that made the State Government,
B. Public Policy especially as the realization of the objectives of the strategy of
Public policy often made without much dependence on the State concerned.
economic reasoning. Economists often do not realize what is
happening in the world of public affairs. As a result, both the From the various definitions can be summarised the
quality of public decision-making and the role that economists existence of three dimensional public policy as expressed in
play in it less than optimal (in Alicia h. Munnell, 1992). Public Suharto and Davis Bridgeman (2007) (Susy Susilawati, 2007)
policy is something that is dynamic and complex instead of i.e. public policy as a destination, the choice of a legal action,
something stiff and dominated by the sheer formal power and as a hypothesis . In the context of public policy, in
holders, but public policy back to the basic meaning of addition to the Government as a decision maker, there are also
policy stakeholders.

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Volume 3, Issue 9, September – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
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The stakeholders here are individuals, groups, or impact for all such massive exploitation without controls that
institutions having an interest against a policy. This policy can would be a loss for the community itself.
be a stakeholder of the actors involved in the formulation and
implementation of policy, the beneficiaries as well as victims The idea was started by exposing the potential and the
harmed by a public policy. There are three groups of key role of marine resources in Indonesia. The role of marine
stakeholders i.e., primary, and secondary stakeholders resources can be views from several aspects, namely:
(Suharto, 2007 in Yuli dkk, 2012). While the public policy
process itself consists of three stages, namely the formulation,  Economic aspects of marine resources,
implementation, and evaluation (in Yuli dkk, 2012).  ecological Aspect of marine resources.
 Aspects of Defense and security, and
C. Public policy Transparency  educational Aspect.
Transparency is a principle that guarantees access or
freedom for everyone to obtain information about the Marine resource economics is economic activity is
Organization of the Government, that is, information about the conducted in the coastal areas and oceans or economic
process of making policy, and the implementation, as well as activities that use the coastal and ocean resources or economic
the results achieved. Assumptions can be formulated, more activities that support the implementation of economic
transparent public policy, which in this case is a GRANT then activities in the region the coast and the sea. Thus the scope
supervision is performed by the Board will be increased of marine resource-based economic activities is very wide and
because the society is also involved in overseeing public varied, including capture fisheries and aquaculture sector.
policies (Yulinda and Lilik Rudianto, Earn in 2012). fishery products processing industry and biotechnology,
marine and coastal tourism, mining and energy, marine
Implementation of policies is a process implementing the transportation, industrial ship, the sea and the beaches, small
policy decisions made by the individual/group or Government islands, and the utilization of valuable objects. From a wide
officials as well as private in order to achievement of the range of marine resource-based economic activities that are
objectives outlined in the policy decisions that will affect the very broad and diverse, in fact the economic potential that can
final results of a policy. With regard to the success of the be produced and donated for.
implementation of the policy, Edward III (in Iskandar,
2012:90) suggests four factors that affect the implementation The Government has prepared tools to manage marine
of the same policies or whether a policy is successful (1) resources, but the community hasn't been able to exploit it
communication (2) resources (3) Dispositions/Attitudes (4) optimally and have not tergali optimally in support of
bureaucratic structure (Supianto, 2012). economic development of the nation of Indonesia. In
Indonesia recorded a high marine biodiversity. Found about
III. RESEARCH METHODS 2500 species of fish, 253 of these types include type of
ornamental fish, and 132 types of fish worth economy.
Qualitative research approach through kind of
Phenomenology. The role of the community is Educated in the
management of Marine Resources. Throughout the history of
A. Marine Resources Potential:-
human civilization, the well-educated who become the
Community-based marine resource management and
engineer and make some locomotives so it could be now. In
knowledge of this technology is not something new for the various fields, well-educated people always expected and
people of Indonesia. Since long ago, local communities in
demanded to be able to lead the people towards a new society,
Indonesia have a mechanism and rules work as of the rules of to the most ideal stage for the welfare and prosperity of its
life in society in managing natural resources including marine people that is wrapped with justice. Just as civilizations, in
resources. Unwritten law is not only the economic aspects of dealing with leaks-leaks in managing marine resources, it
governing the utilization of marine resources, but also covers
requires an active role of the community is educated. How not,
the aspects of preservation of the environment and dispute
with more knowledge, in accordance with his knowledge base
resolution (Weinstock 1983; Dove 1986, 1990, 1993; Ellen
then it would be very possible for people trained to carry and
1985; Thorburn 2000). One of the driving factors of Rudy
lead the society toward the ideal conditions for the people.
catapult concept and true opinion Weinstock (1983) is
With the potential-potential that hasn't been export, then the
avoiding friction up-bottom (Government-society) that in fact
role of the educated community will be indispensable in order
still holds an unwritten Law or custom that sometimes clashed
to seek out and exploit the potential-potential that has not been
with the regulation or Government policy. However, that does
well managed.
not mean the Government hands-off. In this concept the
Government is expected to be a facilitator, and the authorities B. The potential and the spread of Marine Resources in
are required to better understand the circumstances and lead Indonesia
local people to participate equally in an effort to play an active Potential Fisheries and Marine Resources Distribution in
role managing marine resources, so it is not going negative Indonesia Aquaculture the marine fisheries resources is one of
the potential resources of the sea in Indonesia, which has been

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historically exploited population. The sea of Indonesia has a maker. In addition to lumber, mangrove forests are also
huge potential for sustainable, i.e. 6.4 million tonnes year. occupied by various kinds of fauna which is worth it
What is meant by sustainable potential is the potential of economically, for example, shrimp and other species of fish
catching fish that still allows the fish to do regenerate until the that breed in the region. Where are the distribution of
number of fish caught is not reducing fish populations. Based mangrove forests in Indonesia? Mangrove forest spread across
on international rules, the amount of the catch is allowed is the West coast of Sumatra Island, some parts exist on the
80% of the potential of the sustainable or about 5.12 million North coast of Java Island, along the coast of the island of
tons per year. In fact, the number of catches in Indonesia have Borneo, Sulawesi Coast, Coast south of New Guinea, and
yet to reach that number. This means there are still some other smaller islands. The number of mangrove forests
opportunities to increase the number of catches are permitted. in Indonesia to reach 3,716,000 ha (data from UNESCO).
If compared the distribution of potential fish, visible Mangrove forests Indonesia does not spread evenly. The
distinction in General between the Western and Eastern parts largest extensive mangrove forests located on the island of
of Indonesia. In the western part of Indonesia with an average New Guinea which reached 3.7 million ha. Next is Borneo
depth of 75 meters of the sea, a type of fish that many small (165 thousand ha), Sumatra (417 thousand ha), Sulawesi (53
pelagic fish are found. Somewhat different conditions found in thousand ha), Java (34.4 thousand ha), Bali and Nusa
Eastern Indonesia region with average depths of the sea Tenggara (3.7 ha).
reaches 4,000 m In the eastern Indonesia region, many large
pelagic fish are found such as skipjack and tuna. In addition to D. Coral reefs
the available fish in the ocean, the population of Indonesia are Coral reefs are reefs (Cretaceous sedimentary rocks in
also many that do aquaculture, especially in coastal areas. On the sea) are formed from limestone which is mostly produced
the North coast of Java Island, many societies that developing from coral (animal that produces lime for her body frame). If
aquaculture businesses by using the Causeway. The types of thousands of corals form colonies, coral-the coral reefs will
fish that breed there is fish milkfish and shrimps. In addition form. As an island nation, Indonesia is a country that has the
to fish the sea wealth, Indonesia is also in the coastal areas in largest coral reef in the world. Extensive coral reefs of
the form of mangrove forests, seagrass, seagrass meadow, and Indonesia reached 284.3 thousand km2 or equivalent to 18%
coral reefs. Indonesia has more than 13 thousand islands so of the coral reefs that exist around the world. The wealth of
very long coastline. The shoreline length is Indonesia reached Indonesia's coral reefs not only of the vastness, but also the
81,000 km, this size is the length of the second longest Beach biodiversity that exists in it. Biodiversity of coral reefs as a
in the world after Canada. Therefore, the potential of natural potential sea resources in Indonesia is also the highest in the
resources in the coastal areas is very important for Indonesia. world. In it there are 2,500 species of fish, 2,500 types of
Not wrong if the Government under the administration of the molluscs, 1,500 types of crustaceans, and 590 species of coral.
President of the maritime development focusing the Jokowi Why coral reefs are found in the territory of Indonesia? Coral
Indonesia. Our natural wealth in the form of fish and even reefs can grow well on the temperature of the sea waters
many taken by unscrupulous persons from other countries in between 29O-21O c. On temperature is larger or smaller than
the form of the practice of stealing fish or illegal fishing. that, the growth of coral reefs to be less good. Since Indonesia
There are some areas of Indonesia's waters are prone to illegal is located in tropical and warm waters temperature, it's
fishing activities. The most prone areas with Sea fish is theft reasonable if the coral reefs found in Indonesia. The growth of
practices Arafuru (Papua) in eastern Indonesia waters. coral reefs would also be good on the conditions of the water
crystal clear and shallow. The depth of water is good for the
C. The Mangrove growth of coral reefs are no more than 18 meters. If the depth
Forests of Mangrove Forests of mangrove forests is greater than, the growth of coral reefs would also be less
(mangroves) is a type of forest that are in tidal areas of sea good. In addition to these requirements, coral reefs also
water. When the tide is inundated, mangrove forests by the sea require the salinity (salt content of seawater). Therefore, it is
water, whereas at low tide, mangrove forests are free from difficult living coral reefs around the estuary of the river due
pools of sea water. Generally the mangrove forests thrive in to its decreased due to water levels of salt mixed water of the
the sheltered Beach, estuary, or lagoon. Plants that live in the River to the sea. Coral reefs marine resources why coral reefs
mangrove forest habitat are resistant to salts contained in the are protected from damage by mandatory? The coral reef has
water of the sea. There are two function of mangrove forests many benefits, good benefits that are economical, ecological,
as potential marine resources in Indonesia that is ecological economic and social. As for an overview of the benefits of
and economical functions. Ecological functions of mangrove coral reefs are as follows. Economic benefits: as a source of
forests as habitat (a place of living) sea animal for shelter, food, medicine, and marine attractions. Ecological benefits:
feed, and breed. Other ecological functions of mangrove reduce crashing waves Beach which can result in the
forests is to protect the coast from sea water abrasion. occurrence of abrasion. Benefit analysis: the fisheries as a
Economical function of mangrove forests in the form of source of income which can improve the fishermen. Coral
economic value of wood, trees and creatures living in it. reefs can also be a tourist attraction which can increase the
Usually the population utilizing wood as firewood or charcoal income of the population from tourism activities. Coral reefs
makers. Mangrove wood can also be used as material of paper are found in the central regions of Indonesia such as Sulawesi,

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Bali, Lombok, and Papua. The concentration of coral reefs are formulated. While Soejono Soekanto (1990) detailing the
also found in the Riau Islands, the West Coast and the elements of society as follows:
Western tip of Sumatra.
 Human beings live together.
E. Seaweed:-  Mixed in a long time.
As a maritime country, Indonesia has a huge potential in  Conscious as a whole.
utilizing various types of seaweed that live in its waters.  Aware as a system of living together.
Various types of seaweed has been known to have good
benefits as a maker of gelatin, a alginat, nor yeast. Various Coastal communities are groups of people who live in
types of seaweed has been successfully cultivated in various the coastal region and the source of life economy depending
regions of Indonesia. directly on the utilization of marine and coastal resources;
They consist of the owner fishers, fish farmers, fishermen,
F. Sea water
laborers and other marine organisms, fish processors, fish
Sea as a means of transportation and Freight
traders, suppliers of means of production factors in fisheries.
The sea can be used as line traffic transport ships from the
In the field of non fisheries, coastal communities can consist
island to other islands so that the flow of freight and passenger
of seller, seller's tourism services transportation services, as
transport can take place properly. In addition, the relationship
well as other groups that utilize the resources of marine and
of reciprocity between the countries that one with other
coastal non biodiversity to support life.
countries, both in the field of social, economic, political, and
others. Fishermen, fish farmers, and traders is a group of coastal
 The sea as a source of Energy. communities who directly cultivates and harnesses the
resources of fish through capture and aquaculture activities.
 Ocean currents can lighten the power boat, for the
This group also dominates the settlement in the coastal areas
presence of ocean currents the boat can glide with no need
on islands big and small in Indonesia (Nikijuluw, 2003).
to spend a lot of energy. In addition, the motion of the
Coastal communities some became small and medium scale
tides sea water can also be utilized for power generation.
entrepreneurs, but more of them are subsystems, undergoing
 Sea Fishing Area As.
its economic activities and efforts to raise a family by
 Animal resources from the sea can give life to the yourself, with a scale so small that the results only enough to
population. The animal resources in the form of various meet the short term needs.
types of fish, scallops, crab, prawns, pearls, and others.
The results of fish in Indonesia per year ± 1.7 tons. The The fishing effort of the sides, the Group of poor coastal
types of fish caught, among others, COB, tengiri, catch communities consist of household fisheries which catch fish
small whales, and tuna. Sea fishing areas are in the Shoal without a boat, using a boat without a motor, a motor boat and
Sahul Shoal, Sunda, Java Sea, Bali Strait, and the Strait of outboard. The scale of effort like this, fishermen only catch
Malacca. Regional fisheries in Indonesia the largest fish in the area near the beach. In some cases, fishermen can
contained in Exhibit Siapiapi, Riau, Indonesia. work together or partnering with larger companies, so they can
 The sea as a Recreation/Tourism. go catch fish farther from shore (Nikijuluw, 2003). However,
 The area of the sea with its beautiful beaches and the the increase in earnings from the results of this cooperation are
relief much visited by tourists. Sights of the sea in not much meaning because the number of household members
Indonesia, namely the famous Beach of Pangandaran is great cause the amount of income they have not been
(West Java), the Moluccas, Parangtritis, Banda Sea sufficient to cover the needs of everyday life.
(Yogyakarta), Alap (Jakarta), and others.
 The sea as a place of defence and security. Poverty as indicators failed to coastal communities is
 The utilization of the sea as a place of defence and due to three things, namely the structural poverty, cultural
security especially for countries that are surrounded by super structural, and (Nikijuluw, 2003).
the seas or the country's maritime interests.
 Sea as Climate Control.  Poverty is a structural socio-economic structure of society,
the availability of incentives or disincentives to
G. The coastal communities and management of seafood development, the availability of facilities development,
According to Horton et. Al. (1991) defines society as a availability of technology, and the availability of resources
group of humans that are relatively independent, quite a long for development, in particular of natural resources.
life together, a certain territory inhabited, have the same  Poverty super structural poverty is caused because the
culture, and does most of its activities in the group. Ralph macro policy variables not or less in favour of the
Linton (1956), in Sitorus et. Al. (1998), defines society as a construction of fishing communities.
group of human beings who have lived and worked together  Cultural Poverty poverty is caused because the variables
long enough so that they can organize and think of themselves inherent, inherent, and became a particular lifestyle that
as a single entity with social boundaries are clearly caused the individual concerned is difficult out of poverty

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because of these factors unconscious or not known by the community. A short blurb about a fifth of this program is as
individual concerned. follows:

The poverty of the coastal communities, especially A. Develop Alternative Livelihoods

fishermen, more due to factors related socio-economic First, the development of alternative livelihoods is
characteristics of the resources and the technology used. Smith implemented with the consideration that the coastal resources
(1979) and Anderson (1979) concluded that the fisheries in General and specifically the capture fisheries have been
assets that strength is the main reason why the fishermen still subjected to pressure and degradation. Empirical data shows
struggled with poverty and nothing seems their efforts to break that it is too many fishermen who concentrate in specific
out of the poverty of that. Stiffness of the assets is the nature waters. In fact nationally, seems to be the number of
of the fisheries assets difficult to liquidated or altered form fishermen has also been exaggerated. The potential of marine
and function to be used for other interests. As a result, at the fish is available, if it is true, the estimation have been unable
time the assets are low productivity, fishermen cannot afford to be used as the mainstay for the improvement of well-being.
to over the function or liquidate the assets. Therefore, although If the number of fish allowed to be taken exactly arrested
the low productivity, fishermen still do the actual fishing everything then a rough calculation based on average,
operations are no longer economically efficient. fishermen are very difficult to prosper.
Based on the concept of community development which B. Access to capital
emphasizes on empowering then formulated goals of The second element of the strategy is the development of
empowerment coastal communities, particularly fishermen fishermen empowerment access to capital. This strategy is
and fish farmers who live in the coastal area of the island is very important because it is essentially the current coastal
small and large, are as follows: communities, particularly fishermen and fish farmers are very
difficult to obtain capital. The seasonal nature of fisheries
 The availability and satisfy basic human needs which business, uncertainty and high risk is often the reason for the
consists of clothing, food, Board, medical care, and reluctance of the bank provide capital for these businesses.
education. The nature of this kind of fishery business which carries with
 The availability of infrastructure and means of production it the status of fishermen who are generally low and not able
locally that lets the public can acquire it with cheap price to economically make them difficult to satisfy banking terms
and good quality. that should be put in place such as the need for collateral,
 Increasing the role of the institutional community as a insurance and equity.
container of collective action (collective action) to achieve
the goals of the individual. C. Access to Technology
 Creation of productive economic activities in areas that Technology used by coastal communities, particularly
have traits based on local resources (resource-based), have fishermen, are still at large. Because it's so low productivity
a clear market (market-based), is conducted on an ongoing and low income eventually. Efforts increase revenue made
basis having regard to the capacity of the resource through technological improvements, ranging from production
(environmental-based), owned and implemented as well as to post-production technology and marketing.
the impact to the local community (local society-based), Efforts to increase access of society against the
and using appropriate advanced technology derived from technology haven’t been much done. This is due to the
the process of assessment and research (scientific-based). difficulty to identify the type and the type of technology that it
 The creation of a relationship of transport and takes a community. Often, instead of more advanced
communication as the basis or foundation of economic Community in finding the desired technology and adopt. So
relations between the coastal regions and between coastal sometimes the Government left behind. In other words, in
and inland. terms of the community's more advanced technology from the
 Materialize Indonesia economic structure based on Government.
economic activity in the coastal areas and the sea as a form
of utilization and utilization of natural resources of the sea. D. Access to the market
The market is a factor in towing and could become major
 Community empowerment approach to Coastal obstacles when the market is not growing. Because it then
Less helpless coastal communities among other things open up market access is the way to develop a business
caused by limitations in their mastery of the science, because when there is no market then the effort very hampered
technology, and institutional venture capital. There are at least its development. To develop a market for the resulting
five coastal community empowerment approach has just been products coastal communities then the efforts made are
implemented. With a fifth of this approach does not mean that approaching communities with large companies that also are
another approach does not exist. The fifth approach is commodity exporters of fisheries. For it then the product sales
implemented by considering in earnest aspirations, desires, contract between fishing communities with this company. The
needs, income, and the potential resources that belong to the advantage of such a relationship, namely the community got a

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guarantee of market and price, construction on the community Kediri Regency," dynamics of Development vol. 2 No.
especially in terms of quality of goods can be carried out, as 1/2005 lull.
well as the community gets too often help capital for business [8]. Rofiuddin (2012), "analysis of financial performance
development. Area on the island of Madura, East Java province in the
autonomous region of the year 2005-2009", publication
E. The development of collective action of the manuscript.
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action are the same meaning with the development of a field of Work safety and health in the town of
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