tristis
Latin edit
Alternative forms edit
- trīstus (late, proscribed)
Etymology edit
Unknown.[1][2][3] Variously compared to Proto-West Germanic *þrīstī (“bold, daring”),[4] Ancient Greek δριμύς (drimús, “sharp; bitter”)[1] and Old Church Slavonic дрѧхлъ (dręxlŭ, “sad”).[1]
Pronunciation edit
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈtriːs.tis/, [ˈt̪riːs̠t̪ɪs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈtris.tis/, [ˈt̪rist̪is]
Adjective edit
trīstis (neuter trīste, comparative trīstior, superlative trīstissimus, adverb trīste); third-declension two-termination adjective
- sad, unhappy, melancholy, morose
- sorrowful, mournful
- disagreeable, harsh, bitter (of taste)
- foul, offensive (of smell)
Declension edit
Third-declension two-termination adjective.
| Number | Singular | Plural | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Case / Gender | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | Masc./Fem. | Neuter | |
| Nominative | trīstis | trīste | trīstēs | trīstia | |
| Genitive | trīstis | trīstium | |||
| Dative | trīstī | trīstibus | |||
| Accusative | trīstem | trīste | trīstēs trīstīs |
trīstia | |
| Ablative | trīstī | trīstibus | |||
| Vocative | trīstis | trīste | trīstēs | trīstia | |
Derived terms edit
Descendants edit
Reflexes of the late variant trīstus:
- Balkan Romance:
- Romanian: trist
- North Italian:
- Italo-Romance:
- Gallo-Romance:
- Ibero-Romance:
- Insular Romance:
- Sardinian: tristu
Unsorted borrowings:
- → Asturian: triste
- → Italian: triste
- → Occitan: triste
- → Old French: triste
- French: triste (see there for further descendants)
- → Galician: triste
- → Old Irish: tríst
- → Old Spanish: triste
- Spanish: triste
- → Portuguese: triste
- → Proto-Brythonic: *trist
- → Sicilian: tristi
References edit
- Walther von Wartburg (1928–2002) “tristis”, in Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), volumes 13: To–Tyrus, page 302
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 Walde, Alois, Hofmann, Johann Baptist (1954) “tristis”, in Lateinisches etymologisches Wörterbuch (in German), 3rd edition, volume II, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, page 706
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “trīstis”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 630
- ^ Ernout, Alfred, Meillet, Antoine (1985) “trīstis, -e”, in Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue latine: histoire des mots[1] (in French), 4th edition, with additions and corrections of Jacques André, Paris: Klincksieck, published 2001, page 703
- ^ Pokorny, Julius (1959) chapter 1092, in Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 3, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 1092
Further reading edit
- “tristis”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “tristis”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- tristis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- tristis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book[2], London: Macmillan and Co.
- (ambiguous) an evil omen; presage of ill: omen infaustum, triste
- (ambiguous) an evil omen; presage of ill: omen infaustum, triste