... persistent contrails only. As can be easily observed, persistent contrails may spread by diffusion and wind-shear to give a cirrus-like cloud coverage that cannot be ultimately recognized as having originated from contrails. Moreover ...
... persistent contrails are the focus of this research. Situations in which contrails persist but natural cirrus have not formed are evidence that the formation criteria for these different types of ice clouds are quite different. The ...
Elizabeth Hoppe. Persistent Contrails Unlike other forms of commercial transportation, aviation poses a second threat to global climatic stability through the formation of persistent contrails. at 33,000 to 35,000 feet in altitude, the ...
... persistent contrails fade in a few minutes or hours, leaving only the blue of the skies and images in the mind of the beholder. To recall some of those images long since disappeared is to relive and reflect on the events of a unique and ...
... Persistent Contrails and Contrail Cirrus. Part II: Full Lifetime Behavior, J. Atmos. Sci., 71,4420 – 4438, 2014. Lewellen, D. C. and Lewellen, W. S.: The Effects of Aircraft Wake Dynamics on Contrail Development, J. Atmos. Sci., 58,390 ...
... persistent contrails in the upper troposphere in ice-supersaturated air masses that are probably more important than the vapour-phase water. Contrails are thin cirrus clouds, which reflect solar radiation and trap outgoing longwave ...
... persistent contrails—line-shaped clouds that continue to grow as their ice particles take water from the surrounding atmosphere. Persistent contrails can extend behind aircraft for large distances (Fig. 2.12), lasting for hours and ...
... persistent contrails or clouds that have formed from persistent contrails that have spread out , when finding the code figure for CH . Match them as best you can with one of the pictures in the Cloud Atlas . 2.3.3.1.2 Don't include ...
... Persistent contrails often develop into more extensive contrail cirrus in ice - supersaturated air masses . Ice particles in such persistent contrails grow by uptake of water vapor from the surrounding air . The area of the Earth ...