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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

Pepper Cili Kulai Seed Germination in Soil using


Cells and Supernatants of Beneficial Microorganisms
as Energy Sources and Inhibitory Activity against
Fusarium Species
Akaram Husain Zaiton Hassan Mohd Nizam Lani
Food Biotechnology Department, Food Biotechnology Department, School of Food Science &
Faculty of Science & Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Technology, University Malaysia
University Sains Islam Malaysia, University Sains Islam Malaysia, Terengganu, 21030 Kuala
71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Bandar Baru Nilai, Terengganu Malaysia
Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia
Abstract:-Most of the microorganisms are known as borne diseases caused by microorganisms such as
beneficial to human and plants; one of them beneficial pathogenic fungi and bacteria that can be adhesive with
microorganism lactic acid bacteria (LAB) isolate cells surface on seed or in seed and damaged germination rate of
and their cells free supernatants (CFS) have ability to seeds caused infection with microorganisms would naturally
inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi and cells and their result in significant final yield losses (2). Pathogenic Fungi
cells free supernatants (CFS) were observed that protect Fusarium, Aspergillus and Penicillium are commonly
to the pepper Cili Kulai seeds germination which are known to produce mycotoxins that are harmful substances
used worldwide by consumers. In this study treatment of for humans, animals and plants (3). Genus Fusarium
small volumes cells and CFS of LAB isolates; Lb. members are produced a variety of chemically different
plantarum1-MSS, P. pentosaceus1-MSS, Lb. acidophilus types of phyto-toxic compounds especially, fumonisins ,
ATCC314, Lb. plantarum ATCC8014 and Lb. fusaric acid (FA), beauvericin (BEA), (fumonisin B1, FB1),
plantarum1 were showed to improve the Cili Kulai seeds enniatin (ENN), moniliformin (MON) and trichothecenes
percentage germination; either seeds were infected ,these phyto-toxic compounds were reported that a variety of
artificially with Fusarium species; Fusarium sp. fus 124- biological activities and cause morphological, physiological
FC, Fusarium oxysporum KAML01-CL, Fusarium sp. and metabolic effects as well as chlorosis, necrosis, wilting,
CID124-CS and F. Proliferatum-LR isolates. In vitro growth inhibition, inhibition of seed germination rates and
assay with cells and CFS of LAB were assayed on pepper effects on calli (4). Fusarium infectious diseases have been
Cili Kulai seeds germination in 160 eyes plastic tray. The seen in Malaysia where different vegetable crops rotting
highest percentage germination of seeds were noticed tissues including family: Solanaceae; red chilli (Capsicum
more than 97.00% when the soil was treated with Lb. annuum), Malvaceae; okra (Hibiscus esculentus),
plantarum1-FCF cells, even the Cili seeds were infected Moringaceae; moringa (Moringa olifel), Fabaceae; long
with pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. CID124-CS and F. bean (Vigna sesquipedalis) infection caused by Fusarium
proliferatum -LR. The pathogenic Fusarium species species (5). Fungicidal compounds can be produced by
infected with soil significantly (P≤0.05) improved many beneficial microorganisms namely, strains of
percentage germination of Cili Kulai seeds from 80.0 to Enterobacter, Pseudomonas Bacillus, Streptomyces (6); (7);
97.0% predominantly for seeds treated with CFS of Lb. (8). Beneficial microorganisms such as Lactic Acid Bacteria
plantarum1-FCF (98.0%). The percentage germination an alternative plant diseases control method and their
of seed was infected with Fusarium species were reduced metabolites has been gained too much importance to control
the germination of seeds between 56.00% and 66.00% Phyto-pathogenic fungi (9). Species Lb. paracasei subsp.
compare to control (96.00%), when grown in soil seeds tolerans (LAB I) and Lb. paracasei sub sp. paracasei (LAB
infected with cells of pathogenic fungi Fusarium sp. fus II) have been showed an enhancement in tomato seed
124-FC and Fusarium sp. CID124-CS grown in soil germination to indicate plant growth promoting bacteria
without LAB cells. Effect of F. Oxysporum KAML01-CL (PGPB) and good energy sources for seeds germination and
was noticed that highly virulent to suppress the seeds protection without using of synthetic compounds which
germination. However, all LAB cells and CFS were commercially available for use of in agricultures purposes
observed that to enhance the percentage germination. (10). Interestingly, it has been encouraging that
microorganisms have plenty of micronutrients specific
Keywords:- Cells and supernatant of Lactic Acid Bacteria; characteristic which can acceptable in agricultural field in
Fusarium Species; Inhibitory Activity; Cili Kulai future. The LAB isolates could be used as bio-fertilizers and
germination. bio-regulators. The present study was conducted on chilli
paper seed namely, Cili Kulai seed germination has been
I. INTRODUCTION increased with treatments of cells and cells free supernatants
Most of the world food crops as well as pepper chillies (CFS) of LAB strains either Cili Kulai seeds were infected
are propagated by seeds and chilli plants are also highly with Fusarium species. However, Cili Kulai seeds infected
susceptible to fungal and viral pathogens (1). Many seeds with pathogenic fungi Fusarium species survived in soil

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
were noticed that to inhibit the germination rate and clear infected Cili Kulai seeds and in soil as follows; surface
effects of patho-genicity was observed after two week sterilized of Cili Kulai seeds were treated using method
incubation. These findings of encourage that to use cells and described (12) with modification and treatments of Cili
cells free supernatants of lactic acid bacteria in field Kulai seeds were separated into the six groups. The first
experiment for future purposes. group of Cili Kulai seeds were grown in soil treated with
5ml of overnight LAB culture cells poured in the centre of
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS the eyes of plastic tray was filled with 25g potting soil with
A. Preparation of Lactic Acid Bacteria for soil treatments no fertilizer at one seed per tray eye. The second group of
Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) strains; Lb. plantarum Cili Kulai seeds infected with fungi and seeds were grown
ATCC8014, Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, P. pentosaceus1- in soil treated with 5ml of overnight LAB culture cells as
MSS, Lb. plantarum1-MSS and Lb. plantarum1-FCF were energy sources. The third group of the Cili Kulai seeds were
grown in de Man Rogosa and Sharpe Broth (MRSB) soaked with LAB-CFS for 1 h, air-dried in laminar air flow
medium using the method was described by (11) with cabinet then sowed in soil with no fertilizer. The fourth
modification. Culture isolates were incubated in an group of Cili Kulai seeds were soaked in CFS of LAB for 1
incubator shaker for overnight at 37oC. The cells h air dried in laminar cabinet and survived in tray eye was
concentration of each LAB isolates were determined before filled with 25g potting soil infected with fungi. The fifth
to use for soil treatments. group of Cili Kulai seeds were survived in soil infected with
5ml of the five days old fungal spore suspension and each
B. Preparation of Lactic Acid Bacteria cells free tray eye was inoculated in the centre used as negative
supernatants for chilli seeds treatment control. Finally, the group six Cili Kulai seeds were soaked
Beneficial microorganisms namely, Lb. plantarum with water did not treated with any supplements used as
ATCC8014, Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, P. pentosaceus1- positive control. All the seeded trays were sprayed with
MSS, Lb. plantarum1-MSS and Lb. plantarum1-FCF water, covered with dark colour plastic bags and placed in
strains were inoculated into MRSB medium using the dark cabinet at room temperature at 30 oC for two weeks to
method described by (11) and incubated for 24 h at 37°C in allow seed germination. The Cili Kulai seeds germination
aerobic shaker incubator. The lactic acid bacteria cells free was counted and the percentage germination was calculated
supernatants (LAB-CFS) were prepared by centrifuging the using the equation; [GS (%)] = [TNGS ÷ TNTS] × 100
broth 11500 × g rpm for 10 min at 4 oC (Centrifuge Combi- where; GS (%) = Percentage germination of seeds, TNGS =
514R, Korea). The supernatants of each LAB isolates were Total number of germinated seeds and TNTS = Total
filtrated using sterile filtered 0.45μm-pore-size Millipore number of treated seeds. The treatments were done in
filter and ready to use for chilli seeds treatments. triplicates.
C. Preparation of Fusarium Culture for inoculation with F. Data analysis
Cili Kulai seeds and soil The data was analysed mean ± standard deviation
Pathogenic fungi Fusarium species especially, gained from each analysis was analyzed using one-way
Fusarium sp. fus 124-FC, Fusarium oxysporum KAML01- analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the mean significant was
CL, Fusarium sp. CID124-CS and Fusarium proliferatum- done by the Tukey test at (P≤0.05). The statistical analysis
LR isolates were grown on potato dextrose agar (PDA) was performed using Minitab 16 software.
using the method described by (12) with modification and
incubated at room temperature at 28oC for 5 days. Sterilized III. RESULTS
distilled water (10 to 20 ml) was poured onto the plates. A. Percentage germination of Cili Kulai seed infected with
After that the fungal surfaces were gently scraped to loosen Fusarium species survived in soil treated with LAB cells
the spores and the spore suspensions were collected. The
spore suspensions at concentration of 1×105 spores/ml were The percentage germination of Cili Kulai seeds that
obtained using serial dilution and then fungal spores were were infected with highly pathogenic fungi Fusarium
homogenized in a sterilized blender for few minutes and species were reduced seeds germination between range 56%
artificial infected on Cili Kulai seeds as well as in soil. and 66.00% compare to control (96.00%). When Cili Kulai
seeds were grown in soil seeds infected with fungi Fusarium
D. Preparation of Cili Kulai seeds
sp. fus 124-FC and fungi Fusarium sp. CID124-CS
Pepper Cili Kulai seeds namely, Cili Kulai seeds were
artificially infected Cili Kulai seeds sowed in soil without
purchased from Market. The Cili Kulai seeds were prepared
treated LAB cells inoculation was showed less than 63.00%
following the method described by (12) with modification.
germination of Cili Kulai seeds. Whereas, germination of
The seeds were washed with running tap water after that
Cili Kulai seeds infected with fungi F. oxysporum
seeds surface sterilized with 1% sodium hypochlorite
KAML01-CL and fungi F. proliferatum-LR were noticed
solution for 1-2 min then, washed with sterile distilled water
that between 56.00% and 66.00%, respectively compare to
2-3 times. The seeds were air-dried in laminar flow cabinet
control as shown in (Figure 1). Before sowing the Cili Kulai
to remove the moisture these surface sterilized Cili Kulai
seeds significantly (P≤0.05) improved that the percentage
seeds were used for further treatments.
germination of all the fungi infected seeds by 95.00% to
E. In vitro assay of Cili Kulai seeds germination in 160 eyes 96.00% when Cili Kulai seeds were treated with cells of
plastic tray LAB strains and survived in soil medium. The inhibitory
Assay of LAB cells and cells free supernatants on Cili activity of LAB cells seems to be related to the LAB and the
Kulai seeds germination and fungi Fusarium species pathogenic fungi. The percentage germination of F.

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
oxysporum KAML01-CL infected Cili Kulai seeds were CFS of LAB strains were noticed that to enhance the
increased to more than 96.00% when the soil was treated percentage germination Cili Kulai Seeds after two
with strain Lb. plantarum1-FCF cells. Similarly, treatment incubations. Either the Cili Kulai Seeds were survived in
of soil with Lb. plantarum1-FCF increased percentage soil treated with cells of LAB or CFS of LAB strains as
germination of fungi F. proliferatum-LR and fungi energy sources for better germination of pepper Cili Kulai
Fusarium sp. CID124-CS infected Cili Kulai seeds by Seeds.
97.00% and 96.00%, respectively. Lb. acidophilus
ATCC314 cells treatments to potting in soil of also
improved the percentage germination of fungi F.
proliferatum-LR infected Cili Kulai seeds by 96.60%. A
slight reduction in percentage germination (95.00%) was
observed for Cili Kulai seeds infected with Fungi Fusarium
sp. CID124-CS when the soil was treated with cells Lb.
acidophilus ATCC314, P. pentosaceus1-MSS, and Lb.
plantarum ATCC8014. The Fusarium infected soil
significantly (P≤0.05) improved percentage germination
from 80.00% to 97.00% particularly, for Cili Kulai seeds
treated with LAB-cells - Lb. plantarum1-FCF (98.00%) and
this LAB-CFS was indicated better engergy sources for
improvmet of Cili Kulai seeds. In contrast, treating the
potting soil with cells of Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, and Lb.
plantarum ATCC8014 allowed lower percent germination
(80 to 83%) of Cili Kulai seeds infected with pathogenic
fungi F. oxysporum KAML01-CL and fungi Fusarium sp.
CID124-CS and fungi Fusarium sp. fus 124-FC. Similarly,
cells of Lb. plantarum1-MSS reduced the percentage
germination Cili Kulai seeds (83%) of fungi F. proliferatum
-LR infected chilli seeds compare to control after two week
incubation. Finally, Cili Kulai seeds percentage
germinations were noted that to enhance when survived in
presence of all LAB cells.

B. Percentage germination of Cili Kulai seed treated in LAB-


CFS and grown in soil artificially infected with
pathogenic fungi Fusarium species

Pepper Cili Kulai Seeds were grown in soil infected with


Fusarium species significantly (P≤0.05) reduced the
percentage germination of Cili Kulai seeds range between
56.00 to 66.60% compared with the control which was
showed around 97% germination Cili Kulai Seed as
mentioned in (Figure 2) clearly. However, treatments of Cili
Kulai Seeds were observed with LAB-CFS before sowing in
soil medium. The Fusarium infected with soil significantly
(P≤0.05) improved percentage germination from 80.00% to
97.00% particularly for Cili Kulai Seeds treated with CFS of
Lb. plantarum1-FCF (98.00%). The inhibitory effect of
LAB-CFS depends on the species of LAB and fungi similar
to that observed when applying LAB-CFS in soil medium. It
was observed that Cili Kulai Seeds treated with LAB-CFS
of Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, Lb. plantarum1-MSS, and P.
pentosaceus1-MSS enhanced seeds germination by ranges
about 83.00%, 90.00%, and 96.00%, respectively in soil
infected with fungi Fusarium sp. CID124-CS. Similarly, It
was observed that CFS of LAB-CFS P. pentosaceus1-MSS
was affective against fungi Fusarium sp. fus 124-FC, LAB
of CFS- Lb. acidophilus ATCC314 was affective against
fungi F. proliferatum –LR. While, the LAB-CFS of Lb.
plantarum ATCC8014 and Lb. plantarum1-FCF were
affected against fungi F. oxysporum KAML01-CL and
allowed to better Cili Kulai seeds percentage germination in
Fusarium infected in soil medium. Overall results cells and

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165

120.00%

100.00% a a a a a
a a a a a a
ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab ab
abc ab
abc abc abc
abc
80.00%
bcd
cd cd
d
Germination (%)

60.00%

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
CONTROL

CL
LABMSS1+CL
LABMSS5+CL

CS
LABMSS1+CS
LABMSS5+CS
IDLAB6+CL

LABFF11+CL
IDLAB7+CL

FC
LABMSS5
LABMSS1

LABFF11+CS

LR
IDLAB6+CS
IDLAB7+CS

LABMSS1+LR
LABMSS5+LR
LABMSS1+FC
LABMSS5+FC
LAB-FF11
IDLAB6
IDLAB7

LABFF11+LR
LABFF11+FC

IDLAB6+LR
IDLAB7+LR
IDLAB6+FC
IDLAB7+FC
(Treatments)

Figure 1:-Percentage germination of Cili Kulai seeds infected with pathogenic fungi Fusarium species survived in soil treated
with LAB cells.

Notes:- Means with the same alphabetic letters are not significant different (P≥0.05) and Means with the different alphabetic
letters are significantly different (P≤0.05); Cells of LAB isolates: LAB-MSS1 = Lb. plantarum1, LAB-MSS5 = P. pentosaceus1,
IDLAB6 = Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, IDLAB7 = Lb. plantarum ATCC8014, LAB-FF11 = L. Plantarum1; Fungi Fusarium spp:
CL = F. oxysporum KAML01-CL, CS = Fusarium sp. CID124-CS, FC = Fusarium sp. fus 124-FC and LR = F. Proliferatum
specie.

120.00%

100.00% a a a a
a a a a a
ab ab ab ab ab ab
abc abc abc abc abc
abc abc abc abc
abcd
80.00% abcd

cd bcd cd
Germination (%)

60.00% d

40.00%

20.00%

0.00%
CONTROL

CL
LABMSS1+CL
LABMSS5+CL

CS
LABMSS1+CS
LABMSS5+CS
LABFF11+CL

FC
IDLAB6+CL
IDLAB7+CL
LABMSS1
LABMSS5

LABFF11+CS

LR
IDLAB6+CS
IDLAB7+CS

LABMSS1+LR
LABMSS5+LR
LABMSS1+FC
LABMSS5+FC
LAB-FF11
IDLAB6
IDLAB7

LABFF11+LR
LABFF11+FC

IDLAB6+LR
IDLAB7+LR
IDLAB6+FC
IDLAB7+FC

(Treatments)

Figure 2:-Percentage germination of Cili Kulai seeds treated with LAB-CFS and sowed in soil artificially infected with pathogenic
fungi Fusarium species.

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Notes:-There are means with the same alphabetic letters this finding also were noticed that the fungi Fusarium
are not significant different (P≥0.05) and Means with the species did not only suppressed the germination of Cili
alphabetic different letters are significantly different Kulai seeds it was also noticed that Fusarium species
effected to early germination. Because, germination of Cili
(P≤0.05); cells free supernatants of isolates LAB-MSS1 =
Kulai seeds were appeared late and very slower compare to
Lb. plantarum1, LAB-MSS5 = P. pentosaceus1, IDLAB6 grown Cili Kulai seeds in presence of LAB-CFS and LAB
= Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, IDLAB7 = Lb. plantarum cells isolates treatments. This results are agreed with earlier
ATCC8014, LAB-FF11 = Lb. Plantarum1; Fungi report from Hamed et al. (12) reported that lactic acid
Fusarium species; CL = F. oxysporum KAML01-CL, CS bacteria specifically, LAB1, LAB2, LAB3 LAB4 and LAB5
= Fusarium sp. CID124-CS, FC = Fusarium sp. fus 124- cells have been noticed that to increase another Solanaceous
FC and LR = F. Proliferatum specie. plant seeds of percentage germination such as tomatoes
plant seeds either tomato seeds were survived with
artificially infected of pathogenic fungi Fusarium species
IV. DISCUSSIONS
Fusarium oxysporum-1 R. solani-1, F. rolfsii; F. oxysporum-
2 and R. solani-2; in soil medium inoculations that findings
Soil medium is the good sources for germination of
are found strongly agreed with this study. Because,
many seeds verities one of them pepper Cili Kulai seeds
inhibitory activities and enhancement of seeds germination
were observed with cells and cells free supernatants of lactic
indicate that cells and supernatants of LAB was consisted
acid bacteria as energy sources without supplicating any
chemical compounds which responsible to inhibit fungi and
synthetic energy sources. However, in previous study was
to promote seeds germinations were promoted of Cili Kulai
observed that Cili Kulai seeds on Petri dishes showed that
seeds and control to the pathogenic fungi Fusarium species
LAB-CFS of P. pentosaceus1-MSS, Lb. plantarum
when were infected artificially on Cili Kulai seeds before
ATCC8014, Lb. acidophilus ATCC314, Lb. plantarum1-
sowing in soil medium. Additionally, Yousef and Lloyd (15)
FCF and Lb. plantarum1-MSS isolates have ability to
reported that lactic acid bacteria Lb. paracaseis sp. Tolerans
suppress biomass of fungal patho-genicity and promote the
has been inhibited completely the growth of Fusarium
percentage germination of different varieties of chilli seeds;
graminearum R 4053 F. proliferatum M5689 and M5991
one of them Cili Kulai seeds on Petri Dishes and it has been
compared to control. Therefore, the strains LAB showed
encouraged that germination of Cili Kulai seeds were
plenty of chemical activity and can be used as bio-control on
needed to survive in soil medium because, this medium is
protection of chilli seeds, plants from pathogenic fungi and
better sources for any seeds germination (11). Therefore,
improve the plant growth and yield product finally (16).
present study indicates that soaking the seeds with LAB
Thus, the LAB isolates were noticed that to indicate the
cells or cells free supernatants both were promoted the
ability of fungicidal compounds and plants improvement
percentage germination of Cili Kulai seeds whether, the Cili
nature compounds, because, report from (17); (18); (19)
Kulai seeds are artificially infected with the pathogenic
bacteria produce chemicals that are anti-pathogenic (e.g.
fungi Fusarium species or survived in Fusarium species
diacetyl, hydrogen peroxide, lactic acid, acetic acid,
infected in soil medium that is shown in Figure 1 and Figure
propionic acid, bacteriocins, carbon dioxide and another
2. Even though, other chilli seeds were treated and grown in
compounds which also were recognised to useful for plants
presence of fungi Colletrotrichum capsici and strain LABC5
heath and energy sources such as chitinase enzyme and
used as fungal control and seeds promoter was showed good
Phyto-hormones (like indole acetic acid (IAA), auxins,
percentage germination (13). Likewise, lactic acid bacteria
gibberellins, and ethylene), HCN siderophores and
cells free supernatants (LAB-CFS) improved the seeds
antibiotics (20). Finally, LAB isolates were used in this
germination growth was compared with Cili Kulai seeds
study may have been consisted fungicidal compounds and
infected with Fusarium species. In this case, percentage
bio-fertilizer as well as Phyto-hormones. Because, cells and
germination of Cili Kulai seeds were noted to inhibit the
CFS of lactic acid bacteria were used as energy sources to
percentage germination when Cili Kulai seeds were
improve the percentage germination and avoiding synthetic
artificially infected with plants pathogenic Fusarium
fertilizers, plant regulators and synthetic fungicides to
species; namely, these fungi species are F. oxysporum
control Fusarium pathogenic effects during Cili Kulai seeds
KAML01-CL, F. proliferatum-LR, Fusarium sp. fus 124-
germination.
FC and Fusarium sp. CID124-CS. Whereas, the patho-
genicity effect of Fusarium sp. CID124-CS was observed V. CONCLUSIONS
that highly pathogenic compared to other Fusarium species;
F. oxysporum KAML01-CL, F. proliferatum-LR and The germination of Cili Kulai seeds were noticed that to
Fusarium sp. fus 124-FC. Similarly, Akanmu et al. (14) also improve with treatments of cells and CFS of lactic acid
was detected on the millet varieties the Fusarium species bacteria. When the Cili Kulai seeds were treated with both
have been demonstrated a different types of pathogenic the cells and LAB-CFS of the LAB has been showed good
effects that is namely, caused by Fusarium subglutinans, F. percentage germination. In conditions where Cili Kulai
dlamini, F. fujikuroi, F. beomiforme, F. verticillioides,F. seeds were infected with the fungi or Cili Kulai seeds were
anthophilum F. oxysporum, F. nygamai and F. scirpi sowed in fungi infected in soil medium to suppress the
communicated a more pathogenic fungal effects and the germination of seeds. Thus, this findings further support the
most patho-genicity has been noticed on the millet varieties Lb. Plantarum1FCF, P. pentosaceus1 MSS, Lb. acidophilus
by Fusarium subglutinans, F. verticillioides, F. ATCC314 Lb. plantarum1MSS and Lb. plantarum
anthophilum, F. scirpi and F. Oxysporum. In addition, in ATCC8014 can be used as bio-control agents against

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Volume 3, Issue 10, October – 2018 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
Fusarium species such as Fusarium sp. CID124-CS, F. [10] M. K.Narasimha, J. M. Malini, Savitha and C.
proliferatum LR, F. oxysporum KAML01-CL, and Srinivas, “Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) as plant growth
Fusarium sp. fus 124-FC. In addition, LAB can be used as a promoting bacteria (PGPB) or of wilt of tomato caused
plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB) mainly, Solanacae by Ralstonia solanacearum”. Pest Management in
plants and other plants. Furthermore, cells and LAB-CFS of Horticultural for the control. Vol. 18. p. 60-65, 2012.
LAB were showed improvement on seed germination. For [11] A. Husain, H. Zaiton, H. F. Nur, M. L. Nizam,
further investigations are recommended to these LAB Antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria isolated from
isolates can be used to enhance the seedling systems, plant soil rhizosphere on Fusarium species infected chilli
growth and plant systems that would be mentioned in further seeds. American Sci. Res. J. .Eng., Tech., and Sci.
study. (ASRJETS) Vol. 29, (1), pp 182-202, 2017.
[12] H. Hamed, A. M. Yomna and M.A.A. Shadia, “In vivo
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT Efficacy of Lactic Acid Bacteria in Biological Control
This work was financially supported by the Department against Fusarium oxysporum for Protection of Tomato
of Science & Technology, University Sains Islam Malaysia Plant‖, Life Science Journal, Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 462-
and Ministry of Education Malaysia through Exploratory 468, 2011.
Research Grant Scheme (ERGS55087) is duly [13] El-Mabrouk, H. Zaiton, M. M. Ahmed and M. A. H.
acknowledged. Khaled, “Screening of lactic acid bacteria as bio-
control against (Colletrotrichum capsici) on chilli
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