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When he left South Georgia Island on December 5, 1914 in his bid to be the
first to cross the Antarctic continent, Ernest Shackleton had no idea
that the next bit of land he touched (save for remote Elephant Island) would be
that very same South Georgia - a year and a half later and after having not so
much as set foot on the Antarctic continent. The story of what happened in
between, outlined below, constitutes one of the most stupendous polar survival
sagas of all time. For more specifics on the expedition and its 28 members, see
the dispatches and Meet Shackleton's team, respectively.
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The Endurance enters the pack ice on the way to Antarctica.
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August 1
Endurance departs London the same day Germany declares war on Russia
August 4
Shackleton offers his ship and crew to British government for war effort
August 8
After Shackleton receives one-word telegram from Admiralty ("Proceed"),
Endurance departs Plymouth
October 26
With final crew on board, Endurance leaves Buenos Aires, Argentina for South Georgia
December 5
Departs Grytviken whaling station, South Georgia - last time crew would touch
land for 497 days
December 7
Enters the Antarctic pack ice
December 30
Endurance crosses Antarctic Circle
Heeled over by the unrelenting force of the pack ice, the Endurance awaits a
splintery end.
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January 10
First sighting of Antarctic continent (Coats Land)
January 18
Endurance becomes beset in the pack ice
February 22
Drifts to 77th parallel in Vahsel Bay, farthest south the ship will
reach
February 24
Shackleton orders halt to ship routine
May 1
Sun vanishes for season, not to reappear for four months
June 22
Crew celebrates Midwinter's Day with a feast
August 27
Frank Hurley takes famous nighttime photos of Endurance
September 2
Pressure ice makes the Endurance, according to Perce Blackborow,
"literally [jump] into the air and [settle] on its beam."
October 27
At 5 p.m., Shackleton gives order to abandon the Endurance
November 1
After futile, three-day attempt to march over the ice, Shackleton has crew
erect Ocean Camp
November 21
With a single cry of "She's going, boys!" Shackleton and his crew watch
Endurance sink
December 23
Crew again begins march toward open water, averaging just a mile and a half a
day
December 29
Shackleton abandons march, sets up Patience Camp
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Crew members launch the James Caird from Elephant Island.
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January 21
Blizzard blows the camp north across Antarctic Circle
February 29
In honor of Leap Year Day, crew enjoys three full meals
March 30
On Shackleton's orders, the crew shoots the remaining dogs (originally
numbering 69) and eats the younger ones
March 31
The ice floe they are on splits in two, separating them from the three
lifeboats, but they get them back
April 7
Elephant Island appears on the horizon
April 9
Crew goes to sea in the three lifeboats, the James Caird, the Dudley
Docker, and the Stancomb Wills
April 16
After seven grueling days at sea, lifeboats land safely on Elephant Island
April 17
Shackleton moves camp seven miles to the west, to a spot that comes to be known
as Cape Wild—after Frank Wild, who found it
The James Caird shortly before her epic voyage to South Georgia.
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April 20
Shackleton announces that he will attempt to sail the 22-and-a-half-foot
James Caird 800 miles to South Georgia
April 24
Shackleton and five others depart for South Georgia in James Caird
May 10
After 17 days in stormy seas, and with superior navigation by Frank
Worsley, the James Caird miraculously arrives on the west coast
of South Georgia
May 19
Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean set off to cross South Georgia's
glacier-clad peaks to east-coast whaling stations
May 20
Having trekked without a break for 36 hours over glacier-clad mountains
thousands of feet high, Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean arrive at Stromness
whaling station
May 23
Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean depart on the English-owned Southern Sky
to rescue men on Elephant Island, but are stopped by ice 100 miles short of the
island
June 10
Uruguayan government loans the survey ship Instituto de Pesca No 1,
which comes within sight of Elephant Island before pack ice turns it back
July 12
Chartered by the British Association, the schooner Emma sets out from
Punta Arenas, but gets to within 100 miles of Elephant Island before storms and
ice force it to return
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With the Yelcho heaving into view on the
horizon, members of an ecstatic Elephant Island crew build a smoky fire (upper left) to
signal her.
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August 25
Chilean authorities loan the Yelcho, a small steamer, which sets sail
with Shackleton, Worsley, and Crean for Elephant Island
August 30
"I felt jolly near blubbing for a bit & could not speak for several
minutes," Wild wrote about seeing Shackleton arrive with the Yelcho,
which rescued the party on this day, 22 months after they'd set out from South
Georgia.
Chief source: The Endurance: Shackleton's Legendary Antarctic
Expedition, by Caroline Alexander (Knopf, 1998).
Photos: Frank Hurley. Courtesy of The Macklin Collection.
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