Making things that works with us - First Italian Internet of Things Day
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The document discusses the Internet of Things (IoT) and challenges with connecting devices. It proposes using MQTT, a publish/subscribe messaging protocol, for device communication due to its fast, binary format. For exposing devices to the web, it recommends using QEST, a middleware that bridges MQTT and REST by retaining MQTT messages and exposing topics as REST resources. This allows both devices and web apps to interact with IoT applications in their preferred protocol while benefiting from features of both worlds. Security concerns with device access are also raised and OAuth for devices is suggested to address them.
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Making things that works with us - First Italian Internet of Things Day
- 1. @matteocollina matteocollina.com IoT Day Trento 2013/04/09 Making things that work with us!
- 2. Smartphones are changing the world
- 3. How many people will own a smartphone by 2014 1.000.000.000
- 4. Did you see it coming http://www.flickr.com/photos/12738000@N00/360231193/
- 8. What's next (hint: it's a big number) 50.000.000.000
- 13. I want to chat with my house
- 14. >: hi house hi matteo >: what's the temperature? 19
- 15. >: 4 8 15 16 23 42
- 16. Hubot © 2012-2013 GitHub Inc. All rights reserved. Enter Hubot
- 17. A programmable robot that is controlled through chat Hubot © 2012-2013 GitHub Inc. All rights reserved.
- 18. We can supercharge our house with hubot
- 19. module.exports = (robot) -> robot.respond /what’s the temperature?/i, (msg) -> msg.http("http://mchouse.it/temperature") .header("Accept", "application/json") .get() (err, res, body) -> msg.send JSON.parse(body) We can supercharge our house with hubot How
- 20. In order to ask our temp to hubot, we need to: 1. sense the temp 2. get the temp on the web 3. build a web API
- 21. From Hubot, I want to do the equivalent of: >: curl http://mchouse.it/temp What about JSON
- 22. What protocol do we use to push our temperature to our API? HTTP POST
- 24. We need a fast, binary protocol http://www.flickr.com/photos/grrphoto/305649629
- 25. likes binary
- 26. To build a social web of things we need to react to events.
- 28. HTTP
- 29. Devices need: • binary protocol • publish/subscribe
- 30. Binary vs REST “Things” should interact with our lives, and all the technology should be built to make them easy to use. M2M protocols are ad-hoc, and researchers and businesses focus on low level problems.
- 31. • “things” exposed with binary protocol • publish/subscribe • topics as the naming system • “things” exposed to the web • request/response • URIs as the naming system
- 32. MQTT is the state of art protocol for the Internet of Things Mosquitto Really Small Message Broker
- 33. • the base element of the protocol is a topic • devices and other systems can publish or subscribe to topics
- 34. How to use on
- 35. Step 1: download PubSubClient, the library for
- 36. on Arduino: Setup String server = String("qest.me"); PubSubClient client = PubSubClient(server, 1883, callback);
- 37. if (!client.connected()) { client.connect("arduino"); } client.loop(); char s[10]; itoa(get_temperature(), s, 10); client.publish("temp", s); on Arduino: publishing
- 38. if (!client.connected()) { client.connect("arduino"); } client.loop(); char s[10]; itoa(get_temperature(), s, 10); client.publish("temp", s); on Arduino: publishing This is called a topic, and it is where we publish things on MQTT.
- 39. speaks , Hubot speak HTTP
- 40. speaks , Hubot speak HTTP Communication
- 42. • MQTT broker • REST interface • HTTP semantics • no QoS • built in node.js • will support MongoDB, RabbitMQ and many others. QEST REST Server Redis MQTT Server QEST Data Layer HTTP Clients MQTT Clients
- 43. QEST • retains every message received : MQTT to REST curl -H "Accept: txt" http://qest.me/topics/temp client.publish("temp", "30"); • every topic has its own URI: /topics/<NAME>
- 44. QEST • transform every HTTP PUT received into a MQTT message : REST to MQTT void callback(char* topic, byte* payload, int length) { ... } PubSubClient(server, 1883, callback); client.subscribe("temp"); curl -X PUT -d '{ "housetemp": 42 }' -H "Content-Type: application/json" http://qest.me/topics/temp • devices can listen directly to MQTT topics
- 45. Web App Device SCL SDA AREF GND IOREF RESET 3V3 PWM PWM PWM L TX RX ON ICSP PWM PWM PWM TX RX 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 9 8 DIGITAL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 5V Gnd POWER www.arduino.cc ANALOG IN Vin 0 1 2 3 4 5 Arduino UNO IoT Broker QEST state-of-art approach to IoT apps QEST-based solution to IoT apps Bridge Web App Device SCL SDA AREF GND IOREF RESET 3V3 PWM PWM PWM L TX RX ON ICSP PWM PWM PWM TX RX 3 1 2 1 1 1 0 1 9 8 DIGITAL 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 1 5V Gnd POWER www.arduino.cc ANALOG IN Vin 0 1 2 3 4 5 Arduino UNO
- 46. Hubot © 2012 GitHub Inc. All rights Hubot Integration module.exports = (robot) -> robot.respond /qest check ([a-z0-9A-Z]+)/i, (msg) -> topic = msg.match[1] if topic? msg.http("http://qest.me/topics/#{topic}") .header("Accept", "application/json") .get() (err, res, body) -> msg.send JSON.parse(body) else msg.send "No topic specified"
- 47. • What devices can a user monitor? • What devices can 'listen' to the state of other devices? • Who can access the devices state? • Is the communication secure? Security Issues
- 48. We need OAuth for Devices! I’m working on it!!
- 49. TL;DR • The Internet of Things will be big • Devices need binary and pub/sub protocols • Devs need HTTP API • QEST does both
- 50. Matteo Collina Ph.D. Student @ University of Bologna @matteocollina matteocollina.com
- 51. Credits • Font-Awesome for the Icons. • Flickr for the CC images. • Balsamiq Mockup for the iPhone Mockup. • Unibo for my Ph.D.
- 52. Matteo Collina (matteo.collina2@unibo.it) Thank You! @matteocollina http://www.flickr.com/photos/axel-d/479627824/