Science Content Assessment

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1. Provide a scientific definition of energy: (one sentence answer)

2. Scientists are currently categorizing energy as:

Thermal energy, mechanical energy, and chemical energy.

Kinetic energy, potential energy, and radiation at the atomic level.

Light, sounds, heat, and motion.

They cannot agree on how to categorize it, but "b" is the most popular.

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3. Radiation is energy transferred through space.

True

False

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4. Sound is a form of kinetic energy.

True

False

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5. Plants convert radiant energy from the sun into chemical energy by a process called photosynthesis.

True

False

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6. Energy cannot be created or destroyed.

True

False

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7. Nearly all of the energy consumed today is provided by petroleum, coal, hydropower, and nuclear sources.

True

False

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8. Which of the following best defines "temperature"?

A measure of the freezing point and boiling point of water.

A measure of how hot or how cold something feels.

A measure of the average kinetic energy of the motion of an object’s particles.

A measure of how much heat energy an object has while at rest.

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9. An elementary school student was asked to describe the energy depicted in the drawing. The drawing was a sun with arrows pointing from it to a box on the ground. Writing in a science journal, the student made the following statements. Which one most accurately describes the energy in the drawing?

The sun has energy and the object has energy.

The sun has energy but the object is inanimate and has no energy.

The sun has energy, but no forces act on the object, so it has no energy.

The sun has energy and the object, which appears motionless, has no energy.

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10. Fill in the blank: Sources of energy for human uses that are replenished quickly are called (BLANK) energy.

11. In the conversion of energy, a significant fraction of that energy can be "lost" from the system. Name two of the forms the energy often turn into when it is "lost":

12. What does the term “lost” really mean when describing energy within the conversion of energy system?

13. Describe why a reaction can be releasing or using energy, aka exothermic or endothermic, using the terms potential and kinetic energy. (short answer)

14. Which of the following statements is true about “conduction”?

Heat energy is transferred when a substance changes state from a liquid to a gas.

It does not require the presence of matter.

Energy transfers from molecules with high kinetic energy to molecules with low kinetic energy upon collisions.

Energy transfers by the mass movement of molecules over considerable distances.

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15. A student bounces a basketball up a hill on the way home from school. Which statement best describes the energy of the basketball at the bottom of the hill as compared to the energy of the ball at the top of the hill?

The kinetic energy of the basketball at the top of the hill is greater than the change in potential energy of the ball.

The kinetic energy and the potential energy remain the same at the bottom and the top of the hill.

The basketball has greater potential energy at the top of the hill than it had at the bottom of the hill.

The potential energy of the basketball increases in equal measure as the kinetic energy decreases from the bottom to the top of the hill.

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16. Jose knows that electrical energy powers a lamp. He wondered how the amount of electrical energy used by the lamp compared to the amount of light energy produced by the lamp. Using what you know about transformations of energy, which of the following explanations would best answer his question?

The amount of electrical energy used is less than the amount of light energy produced. However, it is more widely distributed or spread out, which means that more can be done with it.

The amount of electrical energy used is more than the amount of light energy produced because the electrical energy is also transformed into heat.

The amount of light energy produced is more than the amount of electrical energy used.

Because energy is conserved in all transformations, the amount of electrical energy used will be the same as the amount of light energy produced.

Clear selection

17. During weather that may produce freezing temperatures, Florida orange growers often spray water on their orchards to protect them. Which of the following best explains why this helps protect orange trees and fruit from freezing?

The transfer of thermal energy in the water as it freezes protects the orange trees and fruit by transferring heat energy to the orange trees and fruit.

Water molecules increase their random motion when they freeze and increase their temperature. This transfer of thermal energy comes from the orange trees and fruit and raises their kinetic energies.

To freeze, the water molecules must become more random. This need for heat energy comes from the orange trees and the sugar in the oranges.

The transfer of thermal energy in the water as it freezes protects the orange trees and fruit by transferring heat energy from the orange trees and fruit.

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18. A grandfather gives his grandson a ride in a wheelchair across the level kitchen floor. The best description of this energy is:

The muscular energy of the grandfather’s arms changes the kinetic energy of the wheelchair.

The potential energy of the wheelchair becomes kinetic energy with the push of the grandfather.

The wheelchair decreases its potential energy when the grandfather stops pushing.

The mechanical energy of the wheel chair pushes on the grandfather and his grandson to propel them forward.

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19. Which of the following statements are true about radiation?

A) Radiation is when a transfer of energy occurs without a change in temperature.

B) Radiation takes place when energy is transferred by electromagnetic waves.

C) Radiation is the transfer of heat energy of a hotter mass to a cooler mass.

D) Radiation does not transfer matter in the process.

E) Radiation depends upon the nature of the surfaces of materials.

F) Radiation is independent of surface materials since it is heat energy travelling through space.

20. What fraction of the earth’s surface can be used for producing food (arable)?

1/4

1/8

1/32

1/100

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21. Name one issue that humans are facing with modern food production:

22. Describe an engineering solution to a food production issue. (short answer)

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