Biological Evolution Quiz

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1. The image below illustrates what evolutionary concept?

embryological similarities

variation among species

vestigial structures

homologous structures

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Photo for question 1

2. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection?

competition for food and space

variation among species

change in an organism during its lifetime

survival and reproduction

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3. A structure that seems to serve no purpose in an organism but something related can be found in other species is called:

homologous

vestigial

dichotomous

fossilized

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4. In science, theories are:

an educated guess

a known fact

the best explanation for a set of data or observations

absolute and unchangeable

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5. A group of mice becomes separated by the formation of a river. Over time, the northern mice became smaller and whiter, while the southern mice became larger and browner. This is an example of:

divergence

homology

gigantification

industrial melanism

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6. Larmarck believed what about evolution?

evolution was incorrect

species could evolve over time through natural selection

individuals could evolve during their lifetimes

speciation by common descent

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7. Any variation that can help an organism survive in its environment is called a(n):

adaptation

characteristic

competition

vestigial structure

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8. The strongest evidence for change over a long period of time comes from:

DNA

fossils

embryo studies

direct observation of living species

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9. The dog breeds we have today were developed through:

natural selection

artificial selection (selective breeding)

sexual selection

acquired selection

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10. The finches on the Galapagos island were similar in form except for variations of their beaks. Darwin observed that these variations were useful for:

attracting a mate

defending territory

building nests

gathering food

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11. Which of the following is/are key features of the theory of evolution? Mark all that apply.

Each species produces more offspring than can survive.

Offspring compete with one another for limited resources.

There is variation in the traits of organisms in a species .

Offspring with the most favorable traits are the most likely to survive and pass on their genes.

12. Evidence which supports the theory of evolution includes: (mark all that apply)

fossils

molecular genetics (DNA)

comparative anatomy (homologous structures)

giraffes stretching to reach leaves making longer necks

vestigial structures

embryology

13. Genetic variability between individuals of a population or species is caused by:

random mutations

sunburns

mitosis

sexual propagation

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This is not in the notes exactly but add common sense to what you know to figure it out. 14. The greatest degree of genetic variability would occur among organisms that reproduce via:

sexual recombination

asexual propagation

sporulation

mitosis

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15. Charles Darwin concluded that the 13 species of finches on the Galápagos Islands:

were identical to 13 finch species in northwestern South America 600 miles to the east

probably evolved from one ancestral South American species

had all adapted to the same food sources

B and C

all of the above

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16. In relation to natural selection, evolution is the

process

outcome

mechanism

purpose

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17. Evolution by natural selection works best on a population having no variation (no variety between individuals).

True

False

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18. Which statement most accurately reflects what population geneticists refer to as "fitness"?

Fitness is the measure of how well an organism is adapted its habitat.

Fitness reflects the number of mates each individual of the population selects.

Fitness refers to the relative health of each individual in the population.

Fitness is a measure of the amount of contribution of a genotype to the gene pool of the next generation.

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19.When a farmer selects and breeds his or her best livestock, the process invovled is?

Natural selection

Artifical selection

Selective breeding

Nature' s callin'

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20. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, the individuals that tend to survive are those that have?

More offspring

Variations best suited for that enviroment

Smaller beaks

Long necks

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21. Evolution is change over time. The leaves of trees changing color in the fall is an example of evolution.

True

False

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22. According to this cladogram (evolutionary tree), birds are higher up in the tree showing birds evolved from turtles and snakes.

True

False

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Image for question 22

23. Before Darwin, what did most people in England believe about the natural world?

The first species appeared on Earth about six million years ago.

Each species was unchanged since the moment of its creation.

All species shared a common ancestor.

Humans were related only to advanced primates such as chimpanzees, but were separate from other animals.

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24. Evolution is best understood as a process that involves

gradualism

punctuated equalibrium

both

neither

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