THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD CHURCH COMPLEX FROM DMANISI (part 1)

Gela  Gamkrelidze

The book is a thorough publication of the Early Christian period Nagzauri church complex uncovered at Gantiadi village of Dmanisi mynicipality in the south-east province of Georgia, historical Kvemo (Lower) Kartli. The text deals with the complex itself, burials revealed in its closest vicinity and an abundant quantity of artefacts including a large number of stone relieves, inscribed pieces and grave goods. The book is designed for archaeologists, art critics and wider public interested in Georgia's Medieval period history. K. Kakhiani, G. Chanishvili, J. Kopaliani, K. Machabeli, Z. Aleksidze, E. Ghlighvashvili, N. Pataridze. (Editor – Gela Gamkrelidze).

nax. 11 1 (110) 2 (110) GEORGIAN NATIONAL MUSEUM OTAR LORDKIPANIDZE CENTRE OF ARCHAEOLOGY K. Kakhiani, G. Chanishvili, J. Kopaliani, K. Machabeli, Z. Aleksidze, E. Ghlighvashvili, N. Pataridze THE EARLY CHRISTIAN PERIOD CHURCH COMPLEX FROM DMANISI Tbilisi 2012 saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi oTar lorTqifaniZis arqeologiis centri k. kaxiani, g. WaniSvili, j. kopaliani, k. maCabeli, z. aleqsiZe, e. RliRvaSvili, n. patariZe adreqristianuli saeklesio kompleqsi dmanisidan Tbilisi 2012 redaqtori: _ gela gamyreliZe, istoriul mecnierebaTa doqtori recenzentebi: _ daviT mindoraSvili, istoriul mecnierebTa doqtori _ giorgi gagoSiZe, xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori Targmani _ marine kapanaZe dizaini da dakabadoneba: giorgi bagrationi gamoyenebuli fotoebi: giorgi giorgobiani, eduard gigilaSvili, levan qobalia, giorgi WaniSvili, akaki dauTaSvili sqemebi da naxazebi: geodezisti nodar qvriviSvili, arqiteqtori nemo CikaSua mxatvrebi: grigol kvataSiZe, avTandil narsaviZe, eleonora saxvaZe An Editor – Gela Gamkrelidze Doctor of History Reviewers – Davit Mindorashvili Doctor of History – Giorgi Gagoshidze Doctor of Arts English interpretation - Marine Kapanadze Design and layout by Giorgi Bagrationi Photos: Giorgi Giorgobiani, Eduard Gigilashvili, Levan Kobalia, Giorgi Chanishvili, Akaki Dautashvili Schemes and draughts: A land-survivor - Nodar Kvrivishvili, an architect - Nemo Chikashua Draughtsman/woman: Grigol Kvatashidze, Avtandil Narsavidze, Eleonora Saxvadze wignis gamocema dafinansebulia saqarTvelos istoriul ZeglTa dacvisa da gadarCenis fondis mier Money provided for publication: The Fund for Protection and Survival of Georgia’s Historical Monuments © saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumi, 2012 © Georgian National Museum, 2012 gamomcemloba `nekeri~, 2012 Publishing House “Nekeri”, 2012 ISBN 978-9941-436-45-1 winasityvaoba qvemo qarTli aRmosavleT saqarTvelos erT-erTi uZvelesi provinciaa, gansakuTrebiT mdidaria istoriuli ZeglebiT dmanisis mxare, sadac adamianis ganviTarebis yvela periodia warmodgenili. erT-erT aseT mniSvnelovan arqeologiur Zegls warmoadgens sofel ganTiadsa da sofel tnuss Soris, adgil nagzaurSi, optikur-boWkovani kabelis gayvanis dros miwis siRrmeSi gamovlenili adre Sua saukuneebis namosaxlari da saeklesio kompleqsi, romlis Seswavlac 1998 wels, saqarTvelos kanonmdeblobis Sesabamisad, daafinansa damkveTma da samuSaoebis mwarmoebelma saaqcio sazogadoeba „egrisma“. gaTxrebis dros gamovlenili umniSvnelovanesi arqeologiuri masala gaxda mizezi, raTa aq dawyebuliyo mravalwliani savele samuSaoebi, romelsac 1998, 2001-2004 wlebSi saqarTvelos mecnierebaTa akademiis arqeologiuri kvlevis centris filiali _ dmanisis istoriul-arqeologiuri ganyofilebis maSaveras xeobis arqeologiuri eqspedicia atarebda. momdevno wlebSi droebiT SeCerda dawyebuli samuSaoebi. 2010 wels saqarTvelos istoriul ZeglTa dacvisa da gadarCenis fondis dafinansebiT saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumisa da arasamTavrobo organizaciis _ „studentTa saeqspedicio moZraobis“ erToblivi samuSaoebis Sedegad moxerxda nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsis gaTxra da Seswavla. aq, patara teritoriaze aRmoCnda saerTo zRudiT Semovlebuli oTxi naeklesiari, senakebi, sxvadasxva feris tufis qvaSi gamokveTili qvajvaraTa da maTi nawilebis _ bazebis, svetebis, kapitelebis, jvrebis, qristes saflavis modelebis 170-mde fragmenti, romlebzedac amokveTilia adamianis, cxovelisa da frinvelis figurebi. qvajvaraze da mis fragmentebze SemorCenilia reliefuri da amoRaruli qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebi da momlocvelTa mier SedarebiT gvian amokawruli qarTuli da somxuri grafitoebi. aqvea gamovlenili odnav mogviano samarxebi. maTSi aRmoCenili masala saSualebas gvaZlevs metnaklebi sizustiT davadginoT kompleqsis ngrevisa da misi samarovnad gadaqcevis dro. qvemo qarTlSi Znelad Tu moiZebneba iseTi adgili, rogoric nagzauris kompleqsia, sadac patara teritoriaze amdeni eklesia da qvis reliefebis iSviaTi nakeTobebi iyos aRmoCenili. vfiqrobT, nagzauris adre Sua saukuneebis saeklesio kompleqsis da iq napovni unikaluri masalis gamoqveyneba kidev ufro gazrdis im interess, romelic arsebobs sazogadoebaSi da samecniero wreebSi adreqristianuli qarTuli kulturis mimarT. am mizans emsaxureba winamdebare naSromi, romlis avtorebi arian: kaxa kaxiani _ istoriis doqtori; giorgi WaniSvili _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis doqtori; jumber kopaliani _ istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori; kiti maCabeli _ xelovnebaTmcodneobis mecnierebaTa doq_5_ tori; zaza aleqsiZe _ istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtori, akademikosi; elguja RliRvaSvili _ istoriis doqtori da nino patariZe _ doqtoranti. eqspediciis savele samuSaoebSi monawileobdnen: kaxa kaxiani _ eqspediciis xelmZRvaneli jumber kopaliani _ dmanisis istoriul-arqeologiuri ganyofilebis xelmZRvaneli giorgi WaniSvili _ xelovnebaTmcodne zurab cqvitiniZe _ mecnier-TanamSromeli, razmis xelmZRvaneli mecnier-TanamSromlebi: elguja RliRvaSvili, mzia kaxiani, JuJuna iordaniSvili, irma demuraSvili, olia maRraZe asistentebi: nana rezesiZe, darejan Cxetiani, nani narsaviZe, qeTevan Cxetiani nino patariZe _ 2010 wlis proeqtis menejeri topografiuli gegma Sedgenilia geodezist nodar qvriviSvilis mier, savele naxazebi da 2005 da 2010 wlebSi Catarebuli sakonservacio samuSaoebis proeqti gakeTebulia arqiteqtor nemo CikaSuas, xolo masalis grafikuli Canaxatebi grigol kvataSiZis, avTandil narsaviZis da eleonora saxvaZis mier. savele da masalis fotosuraTebi ekuTvniT giorgi giorgobians, eduard gigilaSvils, levan qobalias, giorgi WaniSvils da akaki dauTaSvils, inglisuri Targmani _ marine kapanaZes (k. maCablisa da z. aleqsiZis teqstebis inglisuri Targmani ekuTvniT avtorebs). gvinda madloba gadavuxadoT eqpediciaSi momuSave q. dmanisisa da sof. ganTiadis macxovreblebs, romelTac didi wvlili miuZRviT savele samuSaoebis warmatebiT dasrulebaSi. gansakuTrebuli madlierebis grZnobiT gvinda movixsenioT sof. ganTiadis mcxovrebi, aw gansvenebuli levan cixelaSvili, romlis mxar daWerasa da gverdSi dgomas vgrZnobdiT eqspediciis mravalwliani muSaobis dros. _6_ Sesavali nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsi dmanisis municipalitetis sof. ganTiadsa da tnuss Soris gaSlil mindorSi mdebareobs. aq Tbilis-dmanisis samanqano trasa md. maSaveras marcxena napiris ayolebiT kveTs mindors da kompleqsi zed gzis pirzea ganlagebuli, zRvis donidan 1080 m. geografiuli koordinatebia N _ 41º20‘18.00‘‘‚ E _ 44º16‘41.00‘‘. trasis zeviT adre Zveli gza gadioda da amitom am adgils mosaxleoba nagzaurs uwodebs. 1998 wlis Semodgomaze, samanqano gzis gayolebiT optikur-boWkovani satelefono kabelis Casadebad gaWrili Txrilidan amoyril miwaSi, ramdenime aseuli metris sigrZeze aRmoCnda adre Sua saukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli Tixis WurWlisa da kramitis natexebi. iqve, Txrilis garkveul monakveTebSi naTlad SeimCneoda nagebobebis kedlebis qvebi, xolo misgan aRmosavleTiT, asi m-is moSorebiT qristianuli samarxebis naSTebi. nanaxis mixedviT aSkarad Canda, rom aq vrceli dasaxleba da samarovani unda arsebuliyo. savele samuSaoebi daviwyeT dasaxlebis aRmosavleT nawilSi, sadac nagebobebis naSTebi da kramitis natexebi ufro meti raodenobiT iyo Tavmoyrili. wlebis ganmavlobaSi mimdinare arqeologiuri gaTxrebis dros, saerTo marTkuTxa zRudiT Semovlebul 700 kv. m. farTobze, gamovlinda da Seswavlili iqna oTxi darbazuli eklesiisa da ori senakis naSTi, iqve mimofantuli qvis reliefebis mravalricxovani fragmenti da ToTxmeti samarxi. nagzauris eklesiebis kompleqsi sof. ganTiadTan nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsi Semofarglulia kvadrats miaxloebuli oTxkuTxa zRudiT (25X27m). zRudis aRmosavleT kedelTan TiTqmis erT xazzea Camwkrivebuli oTxi Sverilabsidiani darbazuli eklesiis nangrevi. Sverili absidebi zRudis kedlis gareTaa moqceuli. pirveli eklesia, mogviano samxreTi minaSeniT, gamovlinda kompleqsis Crdilo-aRmosavleT kuTxeSi. igi yvelaze didi zomisaa da danarCenebze adreulia. momdevno ori eklesiis nangrevi gaiTxara iqve samxreTiT 4m-Si. erTi maTgani, romelsac Cven pirobiTad meore eklesias vuwodebT, mesameze adreulia, radganac es ukanaskneli misi dangrevis Semdeg, missave fuZezea agebuli. meoTxe bolo eklesia gamovlinda samxreTiTve xuT metrSi. igi mesame eklesiis Tanadrouli unda iyos. bolo ori eklesiis agebis Semdeg mTel kompleqss Semoavles arawesieri oTxkuTxa formis zRude, romelic Crdilo-dasavleT nawilSi morRveulia. zRudis samxreT-dasavleT monakveTze midgmulia ori saTavsos, SesaZloa senakebis naSTi. yvela es nageboba SemorCenilia mxolod 0,5-1,2 m-is simaRleze (nax. 1,2; tab. 11,2 ). kompleqsis gaTxrisas eklesiaTa interierebSi da maT irgvliv aRmoCnda didi raodenobiT brtyeli da Rariani kramiti, oqros varduli da sxvadasxva feris tufis qvisgan gamoTlili kapitelebis, qvajvarebis da qvis reliefebis sxva nimuSTa assamocdaaTamde damtvreuli fragmenti (nax. 3). maT Soris gansakuTrebiT mniSvnelovania wiTeli tufis qvisgan gamoTlili mTliani qvasveti yrmiani RmrTismSoblis da sxva figuruli gamosaxulebebiT mis kapitelsa da waxnagebze (nax. 111,2, 121,2; tab. 9-15). es reliefuri fragmentebi adre Sua saukuneebs ganekuTvneba. zogierT maTganze ramdenime qarTuli asomTavruli aso-niSanic aris amokveTili (nax. 271-7; tab. 281-12). _7_ nax. 1 _8_ nax. 2 _9_ eklesiebi pirveli eklesia nangrevis saxiT gamovlinda (zomiT _ 10,6X6,3 m.) (nax. 2,3,4; tab. 11,2, 21,2). SemorCenilia mxolod aRmosavleTisken naxevarwriulad Sverili absida erTi metris simaRleze da samxreTi fasadis imave simaRlis aRmosavleTi nawiburi. danarCen perimetrze mxolod mZlavri cokoli ikiTxeba, romelic kedlidan 0,2 m-iT iyo gamoweuli. aRmosavleTiT mimarTuli nagebobis grZivi RerZi 6°-iT aris gadaxrili CrdiloeTiT. eklesia agebulia damuSavebulzedapiriani qviSaqvis dakuTxuli qvebiT. Sesasvleli oria. erTi samxreTi fasadis centrSia da 1,04m. siganisaa, meore ki dasavleTisa, odnav viwro _ 0,92m. SemorCenili kedlebi 0,96 m-is siganisaa, absidis kedeli ki 1 m. eklesiis iataki cokolze 0,5 m-iT dablaa gamarTuli (nax. 2,3,4; tab. 21,2). iataki orfeniania. qveda miwatkepnil iatakze mobneuli iyo damsxvreuli, ferSecvlili da deformirebuli kramiti da rkinis lursmnebi, mis zemoT ki, isev miwatkepnili, odnav kirnarevi iatakis meore fena gamovlinda. duRabis beltebi pirdapir iatakze iyo mimofantuli. eklesiis darbazi upilastroa. nagebobis gaTxrisas arc TaRis qvebi da arc misi sayrdeni konsolebi ar aRmoCnda. Sverili, naxevarwriuli absidi Sida mxridan odnav nalisebria. sakurTxeveli erTi safexuriT aris aweuli da aqvs ganieri mxrebi – 0,51 m. aseTive siganisaa afsidis gareTa mxrebic. sakurTxevlis centrSi _ kedelTan, qvis wyobiT amoyvanili, naxevarwriuli trapezis naSTi gamovlinda. sakurTxeveli darbazisgan gamijnuli yofila dabali kankeliT, romlis mxolod sami dakuTxuli qva SemorCa. kankelis safuZvelSi dautanebiaT sxvadasxa qvajvaris jvris mklavis nawilebi, rac kankelis gvian gamarTvaze miuTiTebs. sarkmlebi, maTi konstruqciuli detalebi da lavgardnis qvebi ar SemorCenila. eklesiis kedlebis nangrevebSi mravlad aRmoCnda adre Sua saukuneebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli brtyeli gverdebakecili (nax. 81; tab. 69) da Rariani kramiti (nax. 87; tab. 610). Crd. kedelTan gamovlinda ramdenime brtyeli Tixis filac _ orSveriliani (nax. 819; tab. 612) da samSveriliani (nax. 820-22; tab. 613-16). eklesiis �� darbazSi, iatakze, sakurTxevlis safexurTan aRmoCnda brinjaos qinZisTaviani oqros varduli (nax. 914; tab. 81,2). eklesiaSi da mis irgvliv aseve aRmoCnda sxvadasxva feris tufis qvisgan gamoTlili qvajvarebis da qvis reliefebis damtvreuli fragmentebi. maTi didi nawili Tavmoyrilia eklesiis absidis samxreT mxarsa da zRudis kedels Soris, ramdenime maTgani ki Catanebulia eklesiis kankelSi (nax. 3). eklesias samxreTidan mTel sigrZeze minaSeni hqonia. SemorCenilia minaSenis 2,5 m dasavleTi ganivi kedlis Tixis xsnarze nawyobi cokolis qvebis ori rigi da samxreTi grZivi kedlis perimetrze erTrigad, grZivad dalagebuli qvebi 8,5 m-is manZilze. minaSenis samxreTi kedlis perimetrze, eklesiis Sesasvlelis RerZidan marjvniv aRmosavleTiT, gamovlinda wriuli qvis baza (In situ), rac SesaZloa aq mrgvalsvetebiani TaRedis arsebobaze miuTiTebdes. minaSenis kedeli eklesiasTan SedarebiT momcro da uxeSad damuSavebuli qvebiT aris nagebi da wyobac uaresia. igi eklesiis Tanadrouli ar unda iyos (nax. 2,3,4; tab. 1,2). eklesiis daxvewil proporciebze metyvelebs misi gegma. igi oqros kveTis wesiTaa agebuli. sapirispiro kedlebi mkacrad paraleluria. Sverili absida garedan karg naxevarwres qmnis. nagebobis yvela kuTxe marTia (mxolod cokolia cerad dagebuli, Tumca _ 10 _ nax. 3 _ 11 _ nax. 4 es nagebobis vizualur aRqmaze gavlenas ver moaxdenda). adre Sua saukuneebis xanisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli srulyofilad gaTvlili da gawonasworebuli xasiaTi, eklesiis nangrevebSic naTlad vlindeba. nagebobis adre Sua saukuneebiT daTariRebis sasargeblod kidev ramdenime stilisturi niSani gvesaxeba, kerZod ki – ganieri kedlebi, sakurTxevlis mZlavri mxrebi, pilastrTa ararseboba, samxreTi Sesasvlelis centrSi dataneba da saocari msgavseba sof. ukangoris `kvrinCxianis~ adre Sua saukuneebiT daTariRebul eklesiasTan [jafariZe v., 1982, 71, tab. VI]. am or nagebobaSi meordeba rogorc saerTo zomebi, ise gegmareba da konstruqciuli elementebi. odnavi gansxvaveba mxolod wyobis xasiaTSi da zogierT detalSi vlindeba. adre Sua saukuneebs ar gamoricxavs zogi sxva niSanic, Tumca amgvari niSnebi xandaxan momdevno epoqaSic gvxvdeba. es niSnebia: Sverili, naxevarwriuli absida da kedlebis specifikuri safasado wyoba _ damuSavebuli, Tarazulad nawyobi, odnav uxeSad dakuTxuli qvebi damaxasiaTebelia zurtaketis, TrialeTis da javaxeTis gardamavali xanis (VIII-IX ss.) nagebobebisTvisac. eklesiaSi amave dros SeiniSneba erTgvari Seusabamobac adre Sua saukuneebis stilTan. amis magaliTia odnav uaresi, gamolesilpiriani wyoba interierSi da sakurTxevlis absidis arasruli nalisebri forma. Tumca es garemoeba zemoT aRniSnul stilistur niSanTa simravles da maT erTobliobas ver Warbobs da am nagebobis adre Sua saukuneebiT daTariReba SesaZleblad migvaCnia. eklesiis Tavdapirveli gadaxurva SesaZloa xis yofiliyo, radganac mravlad aRmoCnda damwvari, deformirebuli kramitis natexebi da rkinis lursmnebi (nax. 81,11; tab. 69,21). eklesiis TariRis ufro metad dazusteba SemorCenili konstruqciuli elementebis _ 12 _ naklebobis gamo Zneldeba. pirveli eklesiis samxreTiT mdebare nagebobas pirobiTad mesame eklesia vuwodeT, radgan ufro adreuli nagebobis safuZvelzea agebuli. am adreul nagebobas ki vuwodeT meore eklesia. mesame eklesiis grZivi RerZi zustad aRmosavleTisken aris mimarTuli. qveda, ufro adreuli meore eklesiis grZivi RerZi ki 4°-iT aris gadaxrili CrdiloeTisken, riTic imeorebs pirveli eklesiis damxrobas (nax. 2,5; tab. 31,2). mesame eklesia 3 mcire zomis (5,8X4 m.) Sverilabsidiani darbazuli nageboba aRmoCnda. gamovlinda nangrevebis saxiT. SemorCenilia mxolod naxevari metris simaRlis samxreTi da dasavleTi kedlebi da maTze odnav maRali aRmosavleTiT Sverili, naxevarwriuli absidis monakveTi, Crd. mxris gareSe. absidis es nawili da eklesiis Crd. kedlis monakveTi morRveulia optikur-boWkovani kabelis Txrilis gayvanis dros (nax. 2,5; tab. 31,2). SemorCenilia samxreTi kedlis mxolod pirveli ori rigis, uxeSad damuSavebuli, saSualo zomis fleTili qvis wyoba. analogiuri wyobisaa dasavleT kedlis SemorCenili qvebis ori rigi. dasavleTidan eklesia odnav Sveril, erTsafexurian cokolze dgas, xolo samxreTi kedeli dabjenilia adrindeli eklesiis kedlis safuZvelze, romelic misTvis erTgvari platformis movaleobas asrulebs. absidis momrgvalebisaTvis gamoyenebulia odnav didi zomis qvebi. qvebis safasado mxare odnav mosworebulia. kedlebis kuTxeebSi marTkuTxa mozrdili qvebia Catanebuli. absidis samxreTi gareTa mxari 0,2 nax. 5 _ 13 _ m-iT aris gamoweuli. aq Catanebulia mZlavri, marTkuTxa kvadri. kedlebi Tixis xsnarzea naSeni, nakerebSi wvrili qvaa Catanebuli. wyobis rigobiToba daculia. eklesiis interieris kedlebis wyobac fasadebis msgavsia, oRond kidev ufro uxeSi. qvebsSorisi are TixiTaa amolesili. kedlebis sisqe 0,8 m-ia. sakurTxeveli eklesiis darbazidan 18 sm-iani mxriT aris gamoyofili. SemorCenilia mxolod samxreTi mxari. am mxarTan kankelis qvebia Cawyobili. pirveli qva wiTeli feris tufisgan gamoTlili qvasvetis fragmentia. (nax. 123; tab. 164). igi warmoadgens qvasvetis tanis wagrZelebul monakveTs, romelsac oTxive gverdze gluvi lilvebi auyveba. ganivkveTSi lilvebi jvris formas qmnian. kankelis momdevno qvac SesaZloa qvajvaris fragmenti iyos (nax. 227; tab. 247). igi wiTeli tufis gverdebCaTlili kvadria. mesame, ukanaskneli ki _ didi zomis sipi qvaa. kankelis CrdiloeTi nawili mongreulia. eklesiis samxreT da dasavleT kedlebSi Sesasvleli ar aris datanebuli da, rogorc Cans, nagebobas Sesasvleli CrdiloeTidan unda hqonoda (Crd. kedeli mTlianad moirRva kabelis Txrilis gaWris dros). CrdiloeTidan Sesasvlelis dataneba iSviaTad gvxvdeba darbazul eklesiebSi da isic mxolod maSin, rodesac amas nagebobis adgilmdebareoba moiTxovs. am SemTxvevaSic unda vivaraudoT, rom CrdiloeTi SesasvleliT es mcire samlocvelo moxerxebulad ukavSirdeboda pirveli eklesiis samxreT karibWes. #3 eklesiis iatakis odnav kirnarevi, Tixatkepnili fena fragmentulad gamovlinda samxreT kedelTan da kankelis qvebis win. am fenaze uwesrigod elaga zemodan Camocvenili kramitis namtvrevebi. sakurTxevlis iataki ufro maRla dafiqsirda. rogorc Cans, kankelis win, SuaSi ori safexuri iyo mowyobili. kankelis mimdebare monakveTSi sakurTxevlis iataki brtyeli qvebiT iyo mokirwyluli. nangrevebSi ar gamovlinda arc kamaris da arc misi sabjeni TaRis qvebi da arc sxva konstruqciuli detalebi. meore eklesia ufro didi yofila mesame eklesiaze. isic Sverilabsidiani, darbazuli nageboba aRmoCnda. Tavdapirvelad misi samxreTi kedeli da absidis momrgvaleba mesame eklesiis platforma gvegona. orive nagebobis sruli gaTxris Semdeg ki dadginda, rom zeda eklesiis samxreTi kedeli dadgmulia qveda eklesiis samxreTi kedlis Crd. wiboze, xolo zeda eklesiis absidis momrgvaleba TiTqmis pirdapir zed adgas qveda eklesiis absidas. qveda eklesia ufro grZelia (7,65X4,6 m.). misi dasavleTi kedeli zeda eklesiis dasavleT kedlidan 1 m-is moSorebiTaa, CrdiloeTi kedeli ki zeda eklesiis Crd. kedlis msgavsad ar SemorCenila, radgan meore eklesiis Crd. kedelic mTlianad moirRva kabelis Txrilis gaWris dros (nax. 2,5; tab. 31,2). qveda eklesia ufro mkvidrad yofila agebuli. kedlebis sisqe 0,8 m-ia. SemorCa mxolod kedlebis safuZvlebi, samxreT-dasavleT kuTxis da absidis gareTa samxreTi mxris kvadrebi da absidisve momrgvalebis qveda ori rigi. samxreT-dasavleTi kuTxis qva da dasavleTi kedeli pirdapir mosworebul Tixatkepnilzea dawyobili, xolo samxreTi kedlis aRmosavleTi monakveTi absidTan 0,3 m-ian, WyorduRabian momzadebazea dafuZnebuli. absidis qvebis forma zeda eklesiis absidis qvebze ukeTaa SerCeuli da wyobac ufro mkvidria. eklesiis kuTxeebsa da absidSi gaWrili SurfebiT dadginda, rom qveda eklesiis dangrevis Semdeg safuZvlebi erT doneze mousworebiaT da misi iatakis niSnulze daufuZnebiaT zeda eklesia. amgvarad, qveda eklesiis safuZvlebi zeda, mesame eklesiis platformad yofila gamoyenebuli. _0,72 m. niSnulze ki im adgilas, sadac absidis gareTa Crdilo _ 14 _ nax. 6 mxari unda yofiliyo, gamovlinda am mxris sayrdeni 0,3 m-iani kiris WyorduRabiani safuZveli. TviT mxari ki, rogorc Cans, kabelis Txrilis gayvanis dros mongreula. meoTxe eklesiac Sverilabsidiani, darbazuli nageboba aRmoCnda, odnav grZeli mesame eklesiaze (6,2 X 4,3 m.). misi damxrobac mesame eklesiis msgavsia da zustad aRmosavleTiT aris mimarTuli. isic TiTqmis miwis piramdea mongreuli. SemorCa 0,5-0,8 m-is simaRleze (nax. 2,6; tab. 41-3). kedlebi sakmaod ganieri aqvs. dasavleTi kedeli 1 m-is siganisaa, danarCenebi _ 0,9-0,92 m. misi yvela kedeli Zlier aris deformirebuli. absidis momrgvaleba gadaxrilia aRmosavleTisken. CrdiloeTi da samxreTi kedlebi ki _ fasadebisken. dacurebulia Crd.-dasavleT da samxr.-dasavleTi kuTxis masiuri kvadrebi, moryeulia SemorCenili kedlebis zedapiri. kedlebis wyoba aqac Tixis xsnarzea agebuli. fasadebze pirmosworebuli fleTili qvebia, xolo kuTxeebSi _ mozrdili, marTkuTxa kvadrebi. Sesasvleli dasavleTidan aqvs. SesasvlelSi, ZirSi zRurblis didi fila devs. absidis momrgvalebis gareTa mxrebi sakmaod mZlavria da aseTivea Sida mxrebic. sakurTxevlis iatakis done aqac maRalia darbazTan SedarebiT. centrSi qvis 15-16sm-iani ori safexuria mowyobili (savaraudod aseTive safexurebi unda hqonoda mesame eklesiis sakurTxevelsac). darbazisagan sakurTxeveli samxreT nawilSi gamoyofilia qvis dabali kankeliT. SemorCenilia kankelis 0,4 m. _ 15 _ simaRlis erTi qva. sakurTxevlis Crd. mxarTan ki iatakze mowyobilia mSralad, erTrigad nawyobi qvebis marTkuTxa struqtura (0,5X0,55 m.). iataki Tixatkepnilia, odnav kirnarevi, romelzec didi raodenobiT gamovlinda Camocvenili brtyeli gverdebakecili da ramdenime Rariani kramitis fragmentebi (tab. 42). eklesiaSi miwis Tanamedrove zedapiridan dawyebuli sxvadasxva doneze Cndeboda usistemod Cayrili qvis reliefebi da maTi namtvrevebi. maTgan gansakuTrebiT aRsaniSnavia wiTeli tufis qvasveti taxtze dabrZanebuli yrmiani RmrTismSoblis gamosaxulebiT da Tanadrouli reliefuri asomTavruli warweriT. qvasveti aRmoCnda darbazSi, misi CrdiloeTi kedelis paralelurad dadebuli, Tixatkepnili iatakidan 0,15 m. simaRleze. is iatakze dafiqsirebul kramitebze maRla mdebareobda da iatakidan gamoyofili iyo kramitnarevi miwis feniT. iqve, mis gverdze, imave doneze, darbazis SuaSi ido orad gatexili lilvebiani qvasveti (nax. 3; tab. 41). arc am eklesiis nangrevebSi gamovlinda kamaris da misi sabjeni TaRis qvebi da Zneli saTqmelia hqonda Tu ara mas saerTod qvis kamara. samSeneblo xasiaTiT, kedlebis wyobiT da zomiT es eklesia mesame eklesiis msgavsia da misi Tanadrouli Cans. eklesiis kedlebi pirdapir Tixatkepnil, mosworebul zedapirzea agebuli. mxolod CrdiloeT mxridan aqvs or rigad Semolagebuli qvebi. meoTxe eklesiis Crdilo-dasavleT kuTxesTan gamovlinda mesame eklesiisken mimarTuli, damuSavebuli qvis wyobis ori rigi, romelic SeiZleba mokirwyluli bilikis naSTi iyos (nax. 2). kompleqsis zRude kompleqsis ezo Semofarglulia oTxkuTxa arawesieri formis zRudiT (25X27m.). zRudis aRmosavleT kedlis perimetrSi eklesiebia SeWrili Sverili absidebiT, danarCeni kedlebi ki uwyvetad SemozRudavda teritorias (nax 2; tab. 11,2). zRudis kedlebi sxvadasxva simaRlezea SemorCenili. yvelaze maRali erT metramde aRwevs. zRudis kedlebi agebulia Tixaze nawyob sxvadasxva zomis da formis daumuSavebeli fleTili qviT. gansxvavebulia kedlebis siganec zRudis sxvadasxva monakveTSi (0,7-1 m.). pirveli da mesame eklesiebis damakavSirebeli kedeli ganieria (1 m.) da wyobaSi gamoyenebulia mozrdili qvebic. mesame da meoTxe eklesiebis damakavSirebeli zRudis kedeli ki viwroa (0,7 m.) da mTlianad wvrili qviT aris naSeni. igi dazianebulia da odnav gadaxrilia aRmosavleTisaken. zRudis samxreTi, 25m. sigrZis da 0.9m. siganis kedlis zeda nawili TiTqmis mTlianad mongreula samanqano trasis gayvanisas. Tumca am dazianebul zRudeSi, meoTxe eklesiis dasavleT kedlis piriT xazze, SemorCenilia erTi metris siganis Sesasvleli. zRudis samxreTi kedlis bolos gamovlinda kuTxis masiuri qva, sadac mas ebmis galavnis dasavleTi kedeli. 0,3-0,6 m. simaRleze SemorCenili dasavleTi kedeli CrdiloeTisken grZeldeba mxolod 17 m-is sigrZeze da Semdeg morRveulia. moSlilia aseve zRudis Crdilo-dasavleTi kuTxe. zRudis CrdiloeTi ganieri kedeli (1 m.) ki ekvris pirveli eklesiis Crdilo-dasavleT kuTxes. savaraudod ezoSi Sesasvleli aq unda yofiliyo, zRudis dasavleTi kedlis CrdiloeT monakveTze. _ 16 _ senakebi zRudis dasavleTi kedlis samxreT monakveTSi Sida (aRmosavleT) mxares gamovlinda ori saTavso, savaraudod samonastro senakebi (nax. 2; tab. 51,2). rogorc zRudis, aseve saTavsoebis kedlebis safasado mxare fleTili, narCevi qvis wyobiT aris ayvanili Tixis xsnarze, maT Soris sivrce ki wvrili qviTa da zogierT SemTxvevaSi kramitis natexebiT aris Sevsebuli. zRudeze midgmul saTavsoTa Sida zomebia: samxreTi saTavso _ 3,4X2,4 m. CrdiloeTi saTavso _ 1,9X3,6 m. saTavsoTa iataki Tixatkepnilia. Crdilo saTavsos Sua nawilSi dafiqsirda nacrovan-naxSirovani 3-4 sm. sisqis fena, romelic, rogorc Cans, keras warmoadgenda (tab. 52). CrdiloeTi saTavsos aRmosavleTi kedeli da Sesasvleli moSlilia aq mogvianebiT gamarTuli samarxebis mier, samxreTisa ki, nawilobriv aris SemorCenili. iqve, zRudis dasavleT mxares, kompleqss gareT, Tormetiode metris sigrZeze, miwis siRrmeSi dafiqsirda msxvili qvebi, rac SeiZleba zRudeze dasavleTi mxridan midgmuli nagebobebis naSTi iyos. Tu ra funqciuri daniSnuleba unda hqonoda am ukanasknels da iyo Tu ara kidev sxva nagebobebi zRudis dasavleTiT an mis irgvliv, amas albaT momavali gaTxrebi gviCvenebs. samarxebi savele samuSaoebis dros nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsis teritoriaze gamovlinda 20-mde qvayrili, romlebic ZiriTadad brtyeli qvis filebisagan Sedgeboda. isini, rogorc wesi, damxrobili iyo dasavleTidan aRmosavleTi mimarTulebiT. yovelive aman gvafiqrebina, rom es qvebi samarxebis gadasaxuri filebi unda yofiliyo. aRniSnul adgilze Seswavlil iqna 14 samarxi (nax. 2,7; tab. 1,7). samarxi #1 aRmoCnda pirveli eklesiis samxreT minaSenSi (nax. 2). warmo adgens qvis samarxs, romelic gadaxuruli iyo sxvadasxva zomis oTxi qviT. samarxi Sedgenilia eqvsi uformo qvisagan. grZiv kedlebad gamoye nebulia or-ori, xolo ganiv kedlebad TiToTiTo qva. samarxis Sida zomebia: sigrZe _ 0,9 m, sigane _ 0,25 m, siRrme _ 0,2 m. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. samarxSi dakrZaluli aRmoCnda mcirewlovani bavSvi. Zvlebi cudadaa daculi. SemorCenilia Tavis qalis, menjis da qveda kidurebis naSTebi. uinventaroa. samarxi #2 (nax. 2,71; tab. 71,2) mdebareobs #3 samarxis CrdiloeTiT, 0,6 m-is daSorebiT. warmoadgens xuTi sqeli filaqviTa da ramdenime wvrili qviT gadaxurul qvis samarxs. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken, samarxis samxreTi da CrdiloeTi grZivi kedlebi Sedgenilia oTx-oTxi qviT. samarxis Sida zomebia: sigrZe 1,82 m. Tavsa da boloSi sigane 0,3 m-ia. samxreTi kedeli Sua nawilSi daweulia da gadaxrilia samxreTisaken. samarxs dasavleT da aRmosavleT mxares qvebi ara aqvs. aq samarxis kedlad miwaa gamoyenebuli. samarxis siRrme 0,2 m-ia. dakrZalulia 14-25 wlis qali1. marcxena gverdze, moxrili qveda kidurebiT, TaviT dasavleTisaken. marcxena xelis mtevani saxesTan aqvs 1 ##1-10 samarxebis micvalebulebis sqesi da asaki gansazRvrulia iv. javaxiSvilis sax. Tbilisis saxelmwifo universitetis anTropologiuri kvlevis laboratoriis gamgis, istoriis mecnierebaTa doqtoris l. biTa Zis mier, xolo ##11-13 samarxebis _ saqarTvelos erovnuli muzeumis anTropologis, maka Wkaduas mier. _ 17 _ mitanili, marjvena xeli ki moxrilia da marcxena xelTan, mucelze aqvs dadebuli. micvalebuls marcxena xelis majaze gakeTebuli hqonda rkinis samajuri (nax. 101; tab 87), xolo marjvena xelis TiTebze sami beWedi: vercxlis, brinjaosi da minis (nax. 102-4; tab 85,6). samarxis qveS aRmoCnda #6 samarxi. samarxi #3 (nax. 2,72) aRmoCnda meoTxe eklesiis CrdiloeT kedelTan. warmoadgens ori filiT gadaxurul qvis samarxs. samarxi Sedgenilia sxvadasxva zomis bazaltisa da tufis qvebisagan. misi Sida zomebia: sigrZe 1,15 m, sigane _ 0,37 m, siRrme _ 0,23 m. samarxis samxreTi da CrdiloeTi grZivi kedlebi Sedgenilia sam-sami, xolo dasavleTi da aRmosav leTi ganivi kedlebi _ TiTo-TiTo qviT. samarxSi dakrZalulia 5-6 wlis bavSvi gaSotil mdgomareobaSi, qristianulad, TaviT dasavleTiT. micvalebuls xelebi mucelze aqvs dawyobili. uinventaroa. samarxi #4 (nax. 2) aRmoCnda �� meoTxe�� eklesiis gareT, samxreT-dasavleTi kedlis kuTxesTan, misgan 1 m-is daSorebiT. warmoadgens mcire zomis Svidi filiT gadaxurul qvis samarxs. CrdiloeT da samxreT grZiv kedlebad gamoyenebulia sam-sami, xolo aRmosavleT da dasavleT kedlebad _ TiTo-TiTo qva. samarxis Sida zomebia: sigrZe 0,9 m, sigane _ 0,2 m, siRrme _ 0,2 m. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. dakrZalulia mcirewlovani bavSvi qristianuli wesiT, TaviT dasavleTiT. Zvlebi daSlilia da naSTis saxiTaa SemorCenili. uinventaroa. samarxi #5 (nax. 2) aRmoCnda pirveli eklesiis samxreTiT arsebuli minaSenis SigniT, #1 samarxis Crdilo-dasavleTiT. warmoadgens mcire zomis oTxi filiT gadaxurul ormosamarxs. dakrZalulia Cvili. ConCxi daSlilia. dakrZalvis poza ar irkveva. uinventaroa. samarxi #6 (nax. 2,73; tab. 73) aRmoCnda #2 samarxis qveS. ormosamarxia. gadaxurulia sami filiT. samarxis ormo kuTxeebmomrgvalebulia da dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken TandaTanobiT viwrovdeba. misi sigrZe 2,1 m-ia, sigane TavTan _ 0,7 m, terfTan _ 0,4 m. siRrme _ 0,55 m. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. micvalebuli, 30-35 wlis mamakaci dakrZalulia gaSotili, TaviT dasavleTisaken, marcxena xeli mucelze aqvs dadebuli. marjvena moxrilia da mitanili aqvs saxis win. uinventaroa. samarxis gadasaxuravi filebi #2 samarxis Ziridan mdebareobda 0,3 m siRrmeze. samarxi #7 (nax. 2,74,5; tab. 75) aRmoCnda #8 samarxis dasavleTiT, 0,1 m-is daSorebiT. warmoadgens tufis sami filaqviT gadaxurul qvis samarxs. Sedgenilia eqvsi filaqvisagan. Crdilo da samxreT kedlebad or-ori filaqvaa gamoyenebuli, xolo dasavleT da aRmosavleT kedlebad _ TiTo-TiTo. kuTxeebsa da gverdebSi RriWoebis Sesavsebad ramdenime wvrili qvaa Casmuli. samarxi dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken TandaTanobiT viwrovdeba. misi Sida zomebia: sigrZe 1,65 m, sigane dasavleT kedelTan 0,45 m, aRmosavleT kedelTan _ 0,3 m, siRrme _ 0,4 m. samarxi, rogorc Cans, ramdenimejeraa gamoyenebuli. bolo micvalebuli 5-6 wlis mozardia. dakrZalulia samarxis centralur da dasavleT nawilSi, gaSotil mdgomareobaSi, TaviT dasavleTiT. xelebi mucelze aqvs dawyobili. ConCxis saerTo sigrZe 0,95 m-ia. micvalebulis Tavis qveS aRmoCnda: brinjaos mcire zomis rgoli da yunwiani sakidi (nax. 105,6; tab. 83). adre dakrZaluli micvalebulebis ConCxis Zvlebi samarxis aRmosavleT nawilSia miyrili, xolo nawili _ samarxis Crdilo-aRmosavleT mxaresaa amoyrili da gafantuli. samarxis aRmosavleT nawilSi, miyril ZvlebSi gamoiyo 35-40 wlis ori mamakacis Zvlebi. samarxis gareT, Crdilo-aRmosavleT nawilSi, amoyril ZvlebSi gamoirCa qalis da _ 18 _ nax. 7 1 4 3 2 6 5 9 7 8 14 10 11 12 13 _ 19 _ 15 bavSvis (Cvilis) Zvlebis fragmentebi. garda amisa, samarxidan amoyrili adamianis Zvlebis siaxloves kidev aRmoCnda erT adgils Tavmoyrili da areuli adamianis ori Tavis qala da Zvlebi. aqve, mis samxreTiT dafiqsirda brinjaos sferulTaviani sakinZi da brinjaosave nakluli, deformirebuli Reraki _ samajuri? (nax. 109,10) . samarxi #8 (nax. 2,76-8; tab. 76,7) aRmoCnda #7 samarxis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, 0,1 m-is daSorebiT. warmoadgens qvis samarxs, romelic gadaxurulia sami didi zomis da ramdenime wvrili bazaltis qviT. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. samarxis samxreTi da CrdiloeTi grZivi kedlebi Sedgenilia erTmaneTTan cudadmorgebuli sam-sami bazaltis qviT, dasavleT da aRmosavleT ganiv kedlebad gamoyenebulia TiTo-TiTo, SedarebiT Txeli, aseTive qva. misi Sida zomebia: sigrZe _ 1,8 m, sigane _ 0,55 m, siRrme _ 0,35 m. samarxSi dakrZaluli aRmoCnda ori individi. qveda micvalebuli Tavdapirvelad dakrZaluli unda yofiliyo gulaRma, gaSotil mdgomareobaSi, TaviT dasavleTiT. mas xelebi CamoSvebuli unda hqonoda. amJamad micvalebulis ConCxis nawili zeda micvalebulis dakrZalvis dros daZrulia Tavdapirveli mdgomare o bidan. Tavis qala amobrunebulia da Crdilo-dasavleT kedelTanaa dadebuli. qveda yba micvalebulis gulmkerdze devs. micvalebuls aklia qveda kiduris terfis Zvlebi da TiTebi. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom ConCxis Zvlebis nawili Tavdapirveli mdgomareobidan daZvris Semdeg xelovnuradaa dawyobili. SemorCenili ConCxis sigrZe 1,6 m-ia. #1 micvalebuli 45-50 wlis mamakacia. zeda micvalebuli dakrZalulia qveda, #1 micvalebulze. #2 micvalebuli wevs marcxena gverdze, moxrili zeda da qveda kidurebiT, TaviT dasavleTisaken. misi sigrZe moxril mdgomareobaSi 1,5 m-ia. is 25-30 wlis qalia. orive micvalebuli uinventaroa. samarxi #9 (nax. 2,79; tab. 74) aRmoCnda #8 samarxis gverdiT. mis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT, 0,7 m daSorebiT. warmoadgens ormosamarxs, romelsac ar hqonda gadasaxuravi qvebi. dakrZalulia mozardi gulaRma, TaviT dasavleTisaken. micvalebuls xelebi mucelze aqvs dawyobili. ConCxis sigrZe 1 m-ia. uinventaroa. samarxi #10 aRmoCnda #7 samarxis Crdilo-dasavleTiT, 0,5 m-is daSorebiT. warmoadgens dazianebul qvis samarxs. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. gadaxurva ar SemorCenila. dazianebulia CrdiloeTi kedlis Crdilo-aRmosavleTi nawili. samarxis samxreTi grZivi kedeli Sedgenilia sami, xolo dasavleTi da aRmosavleTi ganivi kedlebi TiTo-TiTo qviT. misi Sida zomebia: sigrZe _ 1,1 m, sigane _ 0,3 m. ConCxis Zvlebi areulia, dakrZalvis poza ar irkveva. SemorCenili Zvlebis mixedviT samarxSi mcirewlovani bavSvia dakrZaluli. uinventaroa. samarxi #11 (nax. 2,710,11; tab. 78) aRmoCnda #10 samarxis Crdilo-dasavleTiT, 0,7m-is daSorebiT. qvis samarxia. gadaxurulia sxvadasxva formis da zomis 6 qvis filiT. damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. samarxis kedlebi Sedgenilia cudad damuSavebuli qvebiT. samxreTi grZivi kedeli Sedgeba 3, CrdiloeTi _ 4 qvisagan. dasavleT kedlad gamoyenebulia 2, xolo aRmosavleT kedlad _ 1 qva. samarxi dasavleT nawilSi ganieria da aRmosavleTisaken TandaTan viwrovdeba. samarxis Sida zomebia: sigrZe _ 1,37 m, sigane dasavleT kedelTan _ 0,4 m, aRmosavleT kedelTan _ 0,2 m, siRrme _ 0,2 m. samarxSi dakrZalulia 10 wlis bavSvi, gaSotili, TaviT dasavleTisaken. xelebi mucelze aqvs dadebuli. micvalebulis Zvlebis kameruli damuSavebis dros gamoiyo axalSobilis terfis Zvlebi. uinventaroa. samarxi #12 (nax. 2,712,13; tab. 79) aRmoCnda #11 samarxis Crdilo-dasavleTiT, 1,7 m-is _ 20 _ daSorebiT. warmoadgens ormosamarxs. saerTo sigrZe 1,05 m-ia, sigane _ 0,6 m. gamarTulia humusSi. gadaxurulia sxvadasxva zomis oTxi filaqviT. samarxSi qristianuli wesiT dakrZalulia 4 wlis bavSvi. micvalebuls xelebi mucelze aqvs dadebuli. uinventaroa. samarxi #13 (nax. 2,714,15; tab. 710,11) aRmoCnda #11 samarxis dasavleTiT. gamarTuli iyo #1 saTavsoSi. warmoadgens xuTi sxvadasxva zomis filaqviT gadaxurul qvis samarxs. samarxis samxreTi grZivi kedeli Sedgenilia 5, xolo CrdiloeTi _ 6 qviT. dasavleT ganiv kedlad gamoyenebulia erTi, aRmosavleT kedlad _ ori qva. samarxis Sida zomebia: sigrZe _ 2,2 m, sigane Sua nawilSi _ 0,5 m, siRrme _ 0,3 m. dakrZalulia 21-27 wlis mamakaci, qristianulad, gaSotili, TaviT dasavleTiT. moxrili mklavebi mucelze aqvs dalagebuli. micvalebulis welis areSi aRmoCnda sartylis rkinis abzinda (nax. 108; tab. 84), romelzedac tyavis da qsovilis naSTi iyo SemorCenili, xolo marjvena mxares, xelis TiTebTan _ vercxlis beWedi, romelzedac boloebmomrgvalebuli svastikaa gamosaxuli (nax. 107; tab. 88,9). samarxi #14 (nax. 2) aRmoCnda pirveli eklesiis minaSenis samxreT-dasavleTiT, 2,5 m daSorebiT. warmoadgens dangreul ormosamarxs. ConCxis Zvlebi areulia. SemorCenilia micvalebulis menjis, xerxemlisa da neknebis Zvlebis fragmentebi. dakrZalvis poza ar irkveva. Zvlebis Crdilo-aRmosavleTiT dafiqsirda saSualo zomis uformo qvebi. Seswavlili samarxebidan 5 (##5, 6, 9, 12, 14) ormosamarxi, xolo 9 (##1-4, 7, 8, 10, 11, 13) qvis samarxia. yvela maTgani damxrobilia dasavleTidan aRmosavleTisaken. ormosamarxis ormoebi kuTxeebmomrgvalebuli sworkuTxedis formisaa, CaWrilia gruntSi an maszea gamarTuli. qvis samarxebi nagebia sigrZeze, Cadgmuli, ZiriTadad daumuSavebuli sxvadasxva zomis qvebiT. samxreTi da aRmosavleTi ganivi kedlebi umetesad TiTo-TiTo qviTaa warmodgenili. ormosamarxebi da qvis samarxebi gadaxuruli iyo sxvadasxva zomisa da sisqis filebiT da qvebiT. samarxebis umravlesobaSi micvalebuli dakrZalulia qristianuli wesiT, gaSotil mdgomareobaSi, TaviT dasavleTiT. maT did nawils xelebi moxrili da dadebuli aqvs mucelze, garda erTisa, #6 samarxis micvalebuli dasvenebuli iyo e.w. vedrebis pozaSi. mas marcxena xeli mucelze hqonda dadebuli, xolo marjvena _ moxrili da saxesTan mitanili. or SemTxvevaSi dafiqsirda wina periodisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli, micvalebulis moxrili kidurebiT dakrZalva (samarxebi: ##2, 8 zeda). orive maTgani dasvenebulia TaviT dasavleTiT, marcxena gverdze, moxrili qveda da zeda kidurebiT. saqarTveloSi qristianuli religiis Semosvlis Semdgom micvale bu lis dakrZalvis ZiriTadi poza gaSotili mdgomareobaa. Tumc, ara iSviaTad, gvxvdeba moxrili kidurebiT damarxvac. rogorc zemoT aRiniSna, saeklesio kompleqsis teritoriaze ori micvalebuli marcxena gverdze, qveda da zeda kidurebiT moxrilni arian dakrZalulni. orive ganekuTvneba mdedrobiT sqess. erTi (sam. #2) 14-25 wlis, xolo meore _ 25-30 wlisaa. qalebis kidurebmoxril pozaSi dakrZalva Cvens mier dadasturebulia bolnisis raionis sof. foladaurSi da adgil orsaydrebSi (saydrisi) adre Sua saukuneebis or samarxSi. amave periodSi moxrili kidurebiT damarxva dafiqsirebulia dmanisis raionis sof. vardisubnis samarxebis nawilSi [Джапаридзе В.В. и др., 1991, 109; Джапаридзе В.В. и др., 1997, 108]. urvanebis [Амиранашвили Дж., 1997, 112], rusTavis samarovnebze [Иващенко М., 1988, 73; lomTaTiZe g., 1988, tab. XXIV; paWikaSvili n., 2006, 11-14]. daReTis samarovanze [mindoraSvili d., 2006, 5-7], bolnisSi [murvaniZe b. da sxv. 2011, 170] amgvari poza gvxvdeba iaRsaris [Рамишвили Р., 1969, 112, 113], Jinvalis [CixlaZe v., 1990, 2] da sxv. adre Sua saukuneebis samarxebSi moxril pozaSi qalebi arian dakrZaluli [ramiSvili r., 1983, 112; CixlaZe v. 1990, 2]. _ 21 _ kompleqsis teritoriaze mopovebuli arqeologiuri masala samSeneblo masala kramiti kramiti gvxvdeba ori saxis, brtyeli gverdebakecili da Rariseburi. brtyeli kramiti umetesad wvrili natexebis saxiT gafantuli iyo kompleqsis mTel farTobze. SedarebiT mozrdili fragmentebi ZiriTadad pirvel da meoTxe eklesiasTan iyo koncentrirebuli. aqedan pirveli eklesiis Tavdapirvel, qveda iatakze kramitis natexebi deformirebuli da gadamwvari iyo, rac aq cecxlze da maRali temperaturis arsebobaze miuTiTebda. meoTxe eklesiaSi mozrdili natexebi or fenad iyo iatakze dayrili. brtyeli gverdebakecili kramiti damzadebulia ganleqili, iSvia Tad wvrilkenWebminareviani Tixisagan, gamomwvaria kargad, umetesad Calisferia. gvxvdeba movardisfro natexebic. maTi garkveuli nawili wiTladaa SeRebili. mTeli mxolod erTi kramitia SemorCenili, isic naxanZrali da deformirebulia. misi sigrZe 44 sm-ia, udidesi sigane _ 31 sm, umciresi _ 24 sm, sisqe _ 2 sm, akecili gverdis simaRle 5-5,5 sm-ia, sabjeni iRliis, anu saketis sigrZe _ 6 sm (nax. 81; tab. 69). brtyeli kramitebis aseulobiT natexs Soris SemorCenilia mozrdili fragmentebic (nax. 82-6; tab. 61-8), rac sigrZis, siganisa da sxva parametrebis dadgenis saSualebas iZleva. fragmentebis gazomvis Sedegad dadginda, rom isinic imave zomis standartis yalibebSia damzadebuli, rogorc zemoxsenebuli kramiti. brtyeli kramitebis absoluturi umravlesoba sadazedapiriania, mxolod ramdenime maTganzea datanili, gamowvamde, svel Tixaze dawnevis Sedegad gamoyvanili grZivi da wriuli xazebi (nax. 86). or natexze SemorCenilia qarTuli asomTavruli da nusxuri asoebi (nax. 817,18; tab. 616,20). brtyeli kramitebi Tavisi zomebiT axlos dgas adre Sua saukuneebis: vardisubnis [jafariZe v. da sxv., 2004, 115], urbnisis, vaSnaris [jRamaia j., 1980, 21], abanosxevisa da matanis [ramiSvili a., 2008, 57] kramitebTan. Rariani kramitis ocamde fragmentia gamovlenili. isini, rogorc brtyeli gverdebakecili kramitebi, damzadebulia ganleqili Tixisagan da gamomwvaria moCalisfrod an movardisfrod. maTgan yvelaze kargad Semonaxulia pirveli eklesiis minaSenSi napovni kramiti. is zeda nawilSi farToa da qveda nawilisken TandaTanobiT viwrovdeba. qveda nawili motexilia da nakluli, ris gamoc mTliani sigrZis dadgena ar xerxdeba. SemorCenili sigrZe 34 sm-ia, sigane TavTan _ 20 sm, gadanatexTan _ 13 sm, maqsimaluri simaRle _ 10 sm-ia. kecis sisqe _ 2-2,5 sm. kramits zemodan, mTel sigrZeze gasdevs amoRaruli, klaknili zoli (nax. 87; tab. 610). sxva fragmentebi umetesad usaxoa, mxolod or natexze SemorCenilia ovalurganivkveTiani sabjeni qimi (nax. 88,10; tab. 611). saeklesio kompleqsSi aRmoCenili Rariseburi kramitebi damzadebulia qobunaze. Ra ri se buri kramitebis damzadebis ori wesia cnobili: qobunaze gadafeniT da morgvze. kramitebis qobunaze damzadebis wesi erT-erTi Zvelia da dadasturebulia eTnografiul yofaSic [boWoriSvili l., 1949, 150-154]. _ 22 _ nax. 8 1 4 2 5 3 6 7 11 8 10 9 12 13 14 16 15 17 19 20 18 21 22 _ 23 _ dekoraciuli fila gaTxrebis dros, kompleqsis teritoriaze kramitebTan erTad amo dioda brtyeli, sworkuTxedis formis filis fragmentebi, romlebsac erT mxares samkuTxediseburi Sverilebi hqonda. sul 80-mde aseTi Sveriliani natexia napovni. natexebis erTmaneTTan misadagebis Sedegad moxerxda maTSi orSverilianisa da samSveriliani filebis gamoyofa. filebi, iseve rogorc brtyeli kramitebi, damzadebulia ganleqili Tixisagan, gamomwvaria kargad, Calisfrad an movardisfrod. zedapiri mogluvebulia, ramdenime maTganze SemorCenilia wiTlad SeRebvis kvali. orSveriliani fila sadazedapiriania. misi Sverilebi SedarebiT far To da moklea. sigrZe Sverilebianad 38 sm-ia, sigane _ 28 sm, Sverilis sigrZe _ 10 sm-ia, filis sisqe _ 2,8 sm (nax. 819; tab. 612). samSveriliani filebi ufro grZelia. erT-erTis sigrZe Sverilebianad 47 sm, sigane _ 33 sm. Sverilis sigrZe _ 13 sm, filis sisqe _ 3 sm. (nax.820,21; tab. 613,14). samSverilian filebSi gvxvdeba rogorc sadazedapiriani, aseve ornamentirebuli. erT-erT maTgans mTel sigrZeze dauyveba rva ganieri, naWdev-naprialebi zoli (nax. 821; tab. 613). ornamentirebuli unda yofiliyo agreTve filebis garkveuli nawilic. motexil Sverilebze kargad SeimCneva farTo naWdev-naprialebi, klaknili zolebi, naxevarwreebi, wriuli da ovaluri naWdevebi (nax. 812-16,21,22; tab. 613,15-17,19). nagzauris msgavsi orSveriliani, sadazedapiriani filebi napovnia mcxeTa-qalaqis nagebobebis gaTxrisas [afaqiZe a. da sxv., 1989, sur: 325, 327]. Sveriliani filis ori natexia napovni rusTavSi mtkvris marcxena napirze gamovlenil nagebobaTa naSTebs Soris [lomTaTiZe g., 1955, 206, XXIII5]. wiTladSeRebili samSveriliani filebis fragmentebia aRmoCenili rusTavis naqalaqarze, 1996-97 wlebSi adre Seswavlili eklesiidan, 10 m-is daSorebiT.2 nekresis naqalaqarze Wabukauris bazilikasTan napovnia wiTlad SeRebili oTxSveriliani fila, romelsac Sverilebi TeTri saRebaviT aqvs moxatuli [baxtaZe n. da sxv., 2010, 57, 60]. nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsze 1998 wels aRmoCenili samkuTxa Sveriliani filebi Cven, savaraudod, antefiqsad miviCnieT [WaniSvili g. da sxv., 1999-2001, 60]. aseve antefiqsebadaa miCneuli mcxeTaSi da nekresSi aRmoCenili msgavsi Tixis filebi. nagzauris, rusTavisa da nekresis filebi adre Sua saukuneebis eklesiebTan aris napovni da isini maT Sesamkobad gamoiyeneboda. savaraudod, amave periods unda miekuTvnebodes mcxeTaSi aRmoCenili filebic. moyvanili paraleluri masalis safuZvelze SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom adre Sua saukuneebSi aRmosavleT saqarTvelos teritoriaze gavrcelebuli iyo ori, sami da oTxSveriliani Tixis filebi, romlebic ZiriTadad eklesiebis Sesamkobad gamoiyeneboda. lursmani lursmnebi gamovlinda pirveli eklesiis darbazSi, iatakze mimobneul, ferSecvlil da deformirebul kramitebTan erTad. misi kramitebTan aRmoCena aSkarad miuTiTebs, rom is xis gadaxurvasTan unda iyos dakavSirebuli. sul napovnia 19 rkinis lursmani (nax. 811; tab. 621). zogierTi maTgani nakluli da deformirebulia. lursmnebis sigrZe 9 sm-dan 12 2 aRniSnuli filebis aRmoCenasTan dakavSirebiT informacia mogvawoda rusTavis istoriuli muzeumis direqtorma, istoriis doqtorma, nazibrola paWikaSvilma. _ 24 _ sm-mdea, sigane _ 6-7 mm. Tavebi Wedvis Sedegad dabrtyelebuli, Rero oTxwaxnaga, grZeli da wvetiania. erTi maTgani brtyelia da ganivkveTSi sworkuTxedis formisaa, naklulia. SesaZloa is gamiris fragmentic iyos. keramika kompleqsis teritoriaze mcire raodenobiTaa aRmoCenili samzareulo da sameurneo daniSnulebis keramika. es ar aris gasakviri, radganac sakulto Zeglze maTi didi raodenobiT aRmoCena arc iyo mosalodneli, ufro metic, aq napovni natexebis nawili SesaZloa aqve arsebuli Tanadrouli dasaxlebidan iyos moxvedrili. erTaderTi Tixis WurWeli (qoTani), romlis srulad aRdgena moxerxda, aRmoCnda meoTxe eklesiis gareTa afsidis gawmendis dros. mas aqvs brtyeli Ziri, wagrZelebuli, sferuli tani, maRali, gadaSlili yeli da momrgvalebuli bako. WurWels mxarze klaknili zoli Semosdevs, xolo tanze or zols Soris Casmuli aseTive klaknili zoli Semouyveba. WurWeli morgvzea damzadebuli da moCalisfro-movardisfrodaa gamomwvari. qoTnis simaRle 20 sm-ia, Ziris diametri _ 11 sm, piris diametri _ 14 sm (nax. 91; tab. 811). danarCeni masala natexebis saxiTaa warmodgenili. gamoiyofa pir-gverdis, Zir-gverdis, maRalqusliani Wraqis da WurWlis yurebis fragmentebi (nax. 92-12; tab. 812-14). maTi umravlesoba damzadebulia kargad ganleqili Tixisagan, gamomwvaria umetesad Calisfrad da movar disfrod. gvxvdeba moSavod da moruxod gamomwvari erTeulebic. pir-gverdis fragmentebSi aRsaniSnavia didi zomis WurWlis (TaRaris?) mozrdili natexi, romelsac farTo, Sezneqili piri da dakeWnili gverdi aqvs (nax. 913; tab. 810) da yelwiboiani WurWlis natexi, romelsac wiboze yuris nawili aqvs SemorCenili (nax. 97; tab. 813). varduli varduli erTaderTi oqros nivTia, romelic saeklesio kompleqsis teritoriazea napovni. is aRmoCnda pirveli eklesiis darbazSi, iatakze, Crdilo-aRmosavleT mxares, sakurTxevlis safexurTan. varduli Sedgeba sarCulis, masze mirCiluli dakeWnili mavTulisgan Sedgenili Svidi furclisa da wriuli Tvalbudisagan. varduls ukana mxridan 1 nax. 9 3 2 6 13 10 8 7 5 4 9 11 _ 25 _ 14 12 mirCiluli aqvs wriuli yunwi, romelSic spilenZis qinZisTavia gayrili. vardulis diametri 2,5 sm-ia (nax. 914; tab. 81,2). is savaraudod tansacmlis mosarTavad unda yofiliyo gamiznuli. aRniSnul vardulTan axlos dgas rusTavSi, 1950 wels, senakis iatakis doneze aRmoCenili eqvsfurcela `sakidi~ [lomTaTiZe g., 1955. 188, 189, tab. XXII3]. samarxebSi mopovebuli masala saeklesio kompleqsze Seswavlili samarxebis umetesoba uinventaroa. mxolod sam samarxSi da #7 samarxTan amoyril adamianis ZvlebTan napovnia ramdenime nivTi: #2 samarxSi aRmoCnda rkinis samajuri da TiTo-TiTo vercxlis, brinjaosa da minis beWedi; #7 samarxSi dafiqsirda brinjaos Tavgaxsnili rgoli da grZelyunwiani sakidi. aqve, amoyrili Zvlebis siaxloves _ brinjaos sferulTaviani sakinZi da dazianebuli Reraki (samajuri?), xolo #13 samarxSi ki _ rkinis abzinda da vercxlis beWedi. aRmoCenili nivTebidan abzinda da sakinZi dakavSirebulia tansac melTan. danarCeni samkaulTa rigs miekuTvneba. abzinda rkinisaa, Sedgeba sami nawilisagan: oradmokecili grZeli furclis, ovaluri formis brtyeli balTisa da enisagan. furclebs Soris organuli nivTierebis naSTia SemorCenili, rac gvafiqrebinebs, rom masSi tyavis qamari unda yofiliyo damagrebuli. furclis sigrZe 8,5 sm, sigane _ 2,8 sm, enis sigrZe _ 3 sm-ia (nax. 108; tab. 84). brinjaos sakinZi sferulTaviania. Tavs qvemoT ori amoRaruli zoli Semosdevs. Rero mokle da wriulganivkveTiania. wverosken konusurad Seviwroebuli, misi sigrZe 4 sm-ia (nax. 109). rkinis samajuri damzadebulia ovalurganivkveTiani Rerakisgan. dazianebulia (nax. 101; tab. 87). brinjaos Reraki ovalurganivkveTiania, erTi bolo gabrtyelebulia da masze ori paraleluri amoRaruli xazia datanili. meore bolo motexili da naklulia. Reraki savaraudod samajuris nawils unda warmoadgendes (nax. 1010). vercxlis beWedi. samarxebSi ori vercxlis beWedia aRmoCenili. #13 samarxSi napovni vercxlis beWedi mTlianadsxmuli da masiuria. is zeda nawilSi rombiseburi formisaa da gverdebidan qveda nawilisaken TandaTanobiT viwrovdeba. beWdis rkali ovaluria, rombisebur farakze wertilovani naWdevebiT gamoyvanilia wre, romelSic amokveTilia boloebmomrgvalebuli svastika. svastikas centrSi da boloebSi TiTo-TiTo wertilovani naWdevi aqvs gakeTebuli. rkalis Sida diametri 2 sm-ia (nax. 107; tab. 88,9). meore beWedi (samarxi #2) momcro zomi saa, damzadebulia viwro da Txeli lentiseburi masalisgan. rkalis zeda nawilSi mirCilulia wriuli formis faraki, romelic bolovdeba erTrigad dakeWnili mavTuliT Semosaltuli TvalbudiT. TvalbudeSi minis TeTri Tvalia Casmuli. beWeds rkalze klaknili zoli Semosdevs. beWedi dazianebulia. rkalis Sida diametri 1,6 sm-ia, Tvalbudis _ 0,5 sm (nax. 104; tab. 85). spilenZis beWedi (samarxi #2). aqvs viwro, wriuli rkali, romelzedac zeda nawilSi dabalkonusuri farakia mirCiluli. rkalis Sida diametri 1,6 sm-ia (nax. 103). minis beWedi (samarxi #2), damzadebulia Savi feris gaumWvirvale masalisagan. misi rkali ovaluria. zeda nawilSi rkalis SeerTebis adgili dabrtyelebulia, ris Sedegadac dabali farakia Seqmnili. rkali ganivkveTSi ovaluri formisaa. Sida mxridan Semosdevs _ 26 _ nax. 10 4 3 2 1 9 5 6 10 7 8 amoRaruli zoli. rkalis Sida diametri 1,8 sm-ia (nax. 102; tab. 86). brinjaos rgoli (samarxi #7), damzadebulia ovalurganivkveTiani mavTulisagan, Tavgaxsnilia, erTi bolo swori, meore ki wawvetebulia. misi gareTa diametri 2 sm-ia (nax. 105; tab. 83). brinjaos sakidi (samarxi #7). Sedgeba ori nawilisagan, rgolisa da yunwisagan. rgoli Tavaxsnilia. damzadebulia wriulganivkveTiani mavTulisgan. rgolze zeda mxares mimagrebulia wagrZelebuli, brtyeli yunwi, romelic dazianebulia. rgolis gareTa diametri 2 sm-ia (nax. 106). miuxedavad imisa, rom Seswavlili samarxebi mcire inventars Seicavda, mainc gaxda SesaZlebeli zogierTi samarxis asakis gansazRvra. am TvalsazrisiT sainteresoa #2 samarxSi aRmoCenili Savi feris minis beWedi, romelsac rkalis SeerTebis adgilze dabrtyelebuli faraki aqvs gakeTebuli. Tavisi moyvanilobiT is axlo dgas rusTavSi sxvadasxva wlebSi aRmoCenil da meore jgufSi gaerTianebul minis beWdebTan [CxataraSvili m., 2008., 56-58]. aTas calze meti minis beWedia napovni orbeTis minis sawarmos gadanayarSi. amaTgan didi nawili Savi feris minisganaa damzadebuli [ugreliZe n., 1961, 9]. minis beWdebi aRmoCenilia Jinvalis samarovanze. maTi ricxvi katakombur samarxebSi 52 cals aRwevs. gvxvdeba agreTve sxva tipis samarxebSic [CixlaZe v., 1990, 6]. minis oci beWedia napovni xevSi –gigiassaTibis samarovanze [wiTlanaZe l. da sxv., 1998, 71, 72, 75,78]. ramdenime minis beWedia napovni samTavros samarovanze [afxazava n., 1979, 97]. simravliTa da mravalferovnebiT gamoirCeva fSavis aragvis xeobaSi _karTanas samarovanze aRmoCenili minis beWdebi [rCeuliSvili g., 2007, 147]. TiTo-TiTo minis beWedia cnobili: gveleTis samarovnidan [mindoraSvili d., _ 27 _ 2005, 70], urbnisidan [WilaSvili l., 1964, 122], noqalaqevidan [Леквинадзе В.А. и др., 1981, 128], nastakisidan [narimaniSvili g., 1982, 55], ufliscixidan [mindoraSvili d., 1985, 57], badaTgoris samarovnidan [jorbenaZe b., 1982, 59, 77], areSidan [WilaSvili l., 1991, 77]. minis beWdebi aRmoCenilia agreTve, CrdiloeT kavkasiis Zeglebze da is qarTul nawarmadaa miCneuli [Кузнецов В.А., 1962, 20-29; Ковалевская В.Б., 1981, 85]. rusTavSi aRmoCenili meore saxis minis beWdebi daTariRebulia VI-VII saukuneebiT [CxataraSvili m., 2008, 59], xolo samTavros samarovnis minis beWdebis umetesoba VII saukuniTa da VIII saukunis dasawyisiT TariRdeba [afxazava n., 1979, 97]. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom minis beWdebis damzadeba VII saukunidan iwyeba da misi zogierTi variantis warmoeba IX saukunemde grZeldeba [afxazava n., 1979, 98]. badadgoris samarovanze, ufliscixeSi da noqalaqevSi aRmoCenili minis beWdebi, daTariRebulia VIII-IX ss. xolo, gigiassaTibis samarovanze napovni minis beWdebi – IX saukuniT. daaxloebiT amave saukuneebiT TariRdeba nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsis #2 samarxSi aRmoCenili dabrtyelebulfarakiani, Savi feris minis beWedi; amave samarxis ori beWedi da #13 samarxSi napovni svastikisgamosaxulebiani vercxlis beWedi da rkinis abzinda. yovelive es ki gvafiqrebinebs, rom nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsis sabolood dangrevisa da mitovebis Semdgom, daaxloebiT VIII saukunis bolosa da IX saukunis dasawyisSi, am adgilze iwyeba samarxebis gamarTva da misi TandaTanobiT samarovnad gadaqceva. qvis reliefebi 3 ganvixiloT saeklesio kompleqsSi aRmoCenili sxvadasxva feris tufis qvisgan gamoTlili reliefebis mravalricxovani nimuSebi. samwuxaroa, rom TiTqmis yvela es nimuSi fragmentuli saxiT aris moRweuli. Tumca eWvs gareSea, rom es fragmentebi damtvreul qvajvaraTa nawilebia, radgan maT SegviZlia adgili movuZebnoT am dromde saqarTveloSi moZiebul qvajvaraTa TiTqmis yvela tipis struqturaSi da maTze gamosaxulia am qvajvarebze amokveTili TiTqmis yvela saxis ornamentacia da gamovlenilia qvaze kveTis ostatobis mravalnairi xerxi. am maxasiaTeblebiT isini myarad Tavsdebian adre Sua saukuneebis qvajvaraTa qronologiur CarCoSi (V-VII ss) da maT pirdapir magaliTad SegviZlia CavTvaloT, rogorc aRmosavleT saqarTvelos sxvadasxva regionSi SemorCenili, Tavdapirveli aRmarTvis adgilze calke mdgomi ramdenime qvajvara, aseve eklesiebis kedlebSi mogvianebiT CaSenebuli da/an arqeologiurad gamovlenili qvajvarebis mravalricxovani fragmentebi _ ukangoris `orkarian eklesiaSi~, ukangorisave `kvrinCxianSi~, buCuraSenis eklesiaSi, bolnisis r-nis `lamazi goris~ midamoebSi, bolnisis sionis ezoSi da sxva. amave xanisaa did gomareTSi SemorCenili sami qvajvara, romlebic erTadaa Tavmoyrili. am adgils `SibaSianT kviracxovels~ uwodeben. aqve aRvniSnavT, rom samecniero literaturaSi es Zeglebi didxans stelebad moixsenieboda da termini qvajvara mogvianebiT damkvidrda, Tumca v. Tofurias gamokvlevas `qvajvarani saqarTveloSi~ qvia [Tofuria v., 1942]. qvajvaraTa daniSnulebaze sxvadasxva mosazreba arsebobs. samecniero literaturaSi maT ganixilaven rogorc sakulto, memorialur, saflavis, sakulto-memorialur Tu sama3 naxazebze da tabulebze rigiTi nomris garda, frCxilebSi miTiTebulia nivTebis sainventaro nomrebic. _ 28 _ mulo mflobelobis aRmniSvnel Zeglebad [musxeliSvili l., 1938, 338; Чубинашвили Г., 1940, 86; Tofuria v., 1942, 58; ciskariSvili v., 1959, 72; amiranaSvili j., 1968, 36]. ramdenime qarTvel mecniers TavianT naSromebSi wvrilad aqvT gaanalizebuli yvela es mosazreba da gamoaqvT Sesabamisi daskvnebi [Чубинашвили Н., 1972, 8; jafariZe v., 1982, 53; maCabeli k., 1988, 63; javaxiSvili g., 1998, 6]. adreqristianuli qvajvaris klasikuri nimuSi gamosaxulia walkis (yofili eZanis) sionis bazilikis aRmosavleT Sveril afsidze (VIs). igi warmoadgens samsafexurian cokolze Semodgmul marTkuTxa baziss, tolmklavebiani (bolnur) jvriani medalioniT, romelzec aRmarTulia wiwvovani ornamentiT Semkuli zeviTken daviwroebuli qvasveti, uflis saflavis TaRediani modeliT, romelic dagvirgvinebulia sadgariani, farTomklavebiani jvriT [CubinaSvili n., 1972, 35. tab. 1]. adreul qvajvaraTa umravlesoba ZiriTadad amgvaria. gansxvaveba mxolod variaciaSia. aseTive tipis qvajvarebi gamovlenilia somxeTSic, upiratesad somxeTis Crdilo nawilSi. es qvajvarebic adre Sua saukuneebs ganekuTvneba [Brentie K. . . , 1981]. aqve unda aRiniSnos, rom ramdenime komponentisgan Semdgari, jvriT dasrulebuli maRali qvajvarebis garda, romelTa simaRle oridan oTx metramdea, bolnisis sionisa da `lamazi goris~ gaTxrebis dros aRmoCnda momcro zomis (25-45sm.) qvis brtyeli filebi, maTze amokveTili reliefuri ornamentebiT da asomTavruli warwerebiT [musxeliSvili l., 1941, 15, 16; amiranaSvili j., 1968, 4, 6, 36; bolqvaZe g., 2007, 112-134]. ramdenime aseTi fila gamovlinda nagzauris kompleqsSic. qarTuli werilobiTi wyaroebis mixedviT, jvrebis aRmarTva qarTlSi qristianobis saxelmwifo religiad gamocxadebisTanave iwyeba IVs-is pirvel naxevarSi, iseve rogorc mTels imdroindel qristianul samyaroSi da TandaTan qristianuli religiis damkvidrebis da ganmtkicebis mniSvnelovan saSualebad iqceva [Satberdis krebuli X saukunisa, 1974, 323; qarTlis cxovreba I, 1955, 119]. jvari qristianuli mrwamsis upirveles simbolos warmoadgenda da misi geometriuli saxe mkvidrdeboda qristianobis aRmsarebel saxelmwifoTa da erebis arqiteqturaSi, xelovnebasa da yofaSi. sxvadasxva xelisufali, feodali Tu sxva piri jvris aRmarTviT Tanaziari xdeboda qristianuli mrwamsisa da xels uwyobda qristianobis gavrcelebasa da ganmtkicebas misdami daqvemdebarebul miwaze [jafariZe v., 1982, 58; CubinaSvili n., 1972, 39]. amgvari procesi bunebrivi iyo ara mxolod aRmosavleT xmelTaSuazRvispirul qristianul samyarosaTvis, sadac Caisaxa da ganviTarda es religia, aramed odnav mogvianebiT dasavleT da CrdiloeT evropisTvisac, sadac jvrebis da kerZod qvajvrebis aRmarTva aseve gaxda qristianobis ganmtkicebis Tanamdevi movlena VII - VIII ss-dan. calke aRmarTuli reliefuri qvajvarebi SemorCenilia irlandiasa da did britaneTSi da aseve kontinentur evropaSic [Wilson David Mackenzie, 1984 ]. saqarTveloSi aRmoCenil qvajvaraTa umetesoba V-VII ss-iT aris daTariRebuli, mcire nawili ki _ VIII-IX ss-iT. am qvajvaraTa daTariRebas safuZveli daudo maTze amokveTili qarTuli asomTavruli warwerebis paleografiulma Seswavlam da aseve qvajvaraTa reliefebis mxatvrul-stilisturma analizma da Sedarebam samSeneblo warwerebiT myarad daTariRebul xuroTmoZRvruli Zeglebis morTulobasTan. am ukanasknel xans gaCnda mosazreba, rom zogi qvajvara SesaZloa IV-V ss-is mijniTac daTariRdes [ramiSvili r., 2002, 205]. qvajvarTa es qronologiuri CarCo gviCvenebs, rom qristianobis myarad damkvidre_ 29 _ basTan erTad qvajvarTa aRmarTvis sixSire saqarTveloSi klebulobs da IX s-dan TandaTan TiTqmis srulad qreba [CubinaSvili n., 1972, 49; Чубинашвили Н., 1972, 96; maCabeli k., 2008, 8; javaxiSvili g., 1999-2001, 92]. qvajvarTa aRmarTvis sixSiris klebis Semdeg jvris simbolo kvlav upirvelesia qristianul samyaroSi da misi gamosaxuleba qristianuli kulturis ganuyofel nawilad rCeba, Tumca ara rogorc upiratesad qristianobis damkvidrebis da ganmtkicebis simbolod qvajvarTa saxiT, aramed gvxvdeba sxva kategoriebad - qristianuli saflavebis qvebze, saxelmwifo da samamulo mflobelobis aRmniSvnel qvasvetebze da qristianuli arqiteqturis, xelovnebisa Tu yofis mravalferovan gamovlinebebSi. amgvarad, qvajvarTa aRmarTvas myari istoriul – kulturuli mizezebi hqonda da igive procesebi gansazRvravda misi ganviTarebisa da arsebobis qronologiur CarCoebs. es tendencia saerTo iyo mTeli qristianuli samyarosaTvis. saerTo iyo qvajvarTa zogadi saxe, forma da Sinaarsic (garkveulwilad zogadi ikonografiac), xolo kerZo aspeqtebi – qvajvarTa masala, kveTis teqnologia da reliefur motivTa da gamosaxulebaTa konkretuli ikonografiuli struqtura da mxatvruli esTetika, TiTqmis mTlianad asaxavda ama Tu im qveynis kulturul tradiciebs. Cven vemxrobiT im mosazrebas, rom es qvajvarebi adreqristianul xanaSi sakulto daniSnulebis, qristianuli rwmenis ganmtkicebis iaraRi unda yofiliyo, xolo Semdeg SeuZeniaT gansxvavebuli datvirTvac. es mosazreba pirvelad gamoTqves n. CubinaSvilma da v. jafariZem [CubinaSvili n., 1972, 39; jafariZe v., 1982, 58]. nagzauris saeklesio kompleqsSi qvajvaraTa fragmentebi gamovlinda mis mTel teritoriaze da zRudis farglebs gareTac. niSandoblivia, rom erTi da igive jvris Tu qvajvaras sxva nawilTa damsxvreuli fragmentebi aRmoCnda erTmaneTisgan 10-15 m-is moSorebiT. am fragmentTa umetesoba ZaliT damsxvreuli Cans da usistemodaa mimofantuli eklesiaTa interierebSi, maT morRveul kedlebze da fasadebis ZirSi. didi nawili Tavmoyrilia #1 eklesiis absidis mimdebare zRudis kedelTan, ramdenime maTgani ki Catanebulia eklesiaTa kankelebSi. Tavidanve SeiZleba iTqvas, rom am kompleqsSi moZiebuli yvela fragmenti ar unda warmoadgendes Tavdapirveli daniSnulebiT saxeldobr aq aRmarTul qvajvarebis damtvreul namsxvrevebs, radgan am SemTxvevaSi aq sul mcire 20 qvajvara mainc unda mdgariyo. aq ZiriTadad gamovlinda qvasvetTa damagvirgvinebeli uflis saflavis modelebi (upiratesad damsxvreuli) da maTze aRsamarTavi jvrebi (jvrebis danawevrebuli mklavebi) da es fragmentebi (yovel SemTxvevaSi maTi didi nawili) aq motanili unda iyos gansazRvrul dros da dawyobili albaT ukve dangreul eklesiebSi, iseve rogorc ukangoris `kvrinCxianSi~, `lamaz gorasa~ da `buCuraSenSi~. zog mkvlevarTa azriT es xdeboda Znelbedobis Jams, albaT am qvajvaraTa gadarCenis mizniT [CubinaSvili n., 1972, 48], Tumca amgvar qmedebas, rogorc vxedavT, Sedegi ver gamouRia, radgan qvajvarebi erTianad Cans damsxvreuli da ganadgurebuli. amave dros, es mosazreba ar gamoricxavs, rom aq aRmoCenil fragmentTa Semcveli erTi an ramdenime sruli qvajvara SesaZloa aqve yofiliyo aRmarTuli eklesiaTa moqmedad yofnis drosac. qvemo qarTlsa da saqarTvelos sxva adgilebSi gamovlenil qvasvetebze ornamentuli Semkulobis garda gvxvdeba figuruli reliefebi qristes, RmrTismSoblis, angelozTa, _ 30 _ nax. 11 1 (110) _ 31 _ 2 (110) nax. 12 2 (110) 4 (120) 1 (110) 3 (77) _ 32 _ mociqulTa, wmindanTa da saeklesio da saero pirTa gamosaxulebebiT da bibliuri siuJetebiT. aseTive morTulobiTa da figuruli gamosaxulebiT iqneboda dafaruli nagzauris kompleqsSi gamovlenili qvajvarebi, Tumca maTi fragmentulobis gamo nakluli reliefebis sruli saxiT aRdgena Znelia. sruli ikonografiuli programa aq mxolod erT mTlian qvasvetzea SemorCenili _ taxtze dabrZanebuli yrmiani RmrTismSoblis da sxva figuruli gamosaxulebiT mis kapitelsa da waxnagebze. qvis reliefis es Zegli, romelic IV eklesiis interieris CrdiloeT kedelTan gamovlinda, qarTuli adre Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis kidev erTi mniSvnelovani SenaZenia: igi gamoirCeva lakonuri ikonografiuli programiT, figuraTa TviTmyofadi gamomsaxvelobiT da qvaze kveTis daxvewili, uzado ostatobiT (nax. 111,2, 121,2; tab. 9-15). am qvasvetis Sesaxeb amave gamocemaSi mocemulia k. maCablis vrceli statia, aq ki unda aRvniSnoT, rom es qvasveti, kidev erT Suaze gadamtvreul lilvebian qvasvetTan erTad (nax. 124; tab. 41,165) aq daudiaT IV eklesiis dangrevis Semdeg, rac Cans maTi gamovlenis adgilis stratigrafiidan _ es qvasvetebi aRmoCnda eklesiis interierSi iatakis donidan maRla 0,15 m-ze da maT qveS iyo moqceuli miwis fena, eklesiis dangrevis dros didi raodenobiT Camoqceuli kramitebiT (tab. 42). am ori mTliani qvasvetis garda nagzauris kompleqsSi aRmoCnda kidev erTi qvasveti, romelzec zemoT aRniSnul Suaze gadamtvreul qvasvetis msgavsad oTx konad Sekruli sada lilvebia ayolebuli (nax. 123, tab. 164). gaiTxara qvajvaraTa jvrebis 43 mklavi, romlebic SesaZloa 20-mde sxvadasxva mTlian jvars ekuTvnoda da maTgan ramdenime jvari aewyo kidec. gamovlinda aseve jvrebis sayrdeni uflis saflavis modelebis frgmentebi, romelTaganac aseve SeiZleba aewyos Svidi an rva aseTi modeli. gamovlinda ocze meti fragmenti qvajvaris sxvadasxva nawilebisa, maT Soris 3 fragmenti adamianis figuruli gamosaxulebiT. gamovlinda aseve 7 natexi asomTavruli asoebiT da ramdenime aTeuli sxvadasxva wvrili fragmenti. garda amisa gamovlinda tufis qvisgan gamoTlili `wminda wylis~ WurWeli (qvis reliefebis SemorCenili TiToeuli fragmentis aRwera da zomebi ix. katalogSi). aq moZiebuli reliefuri mklavebi, qvajvaraTa damagvirgvinebeli jvrebisaa. danarCen fragmentebisaTvis adgili moiZebneba qvajvaraTa cnobil konstruqciaSi, zogis identifikacia ki, maTi fragmentulobis gamo – ver moxerxda. qvajvaras jvrebis struqtura zogadad amgvaria: rogorc wesi jvris mklavebs boloebi gaSlili aqvs. qveda mklavi sxva danarCenze grZelia da marTkuTxa morCiT aris Camagrebuli sayrdenSi, romelsac xSirad uflis saflavis modeli warmoadgens. jvris zeda mklavi ki gverdiT mklavebze odnav moklea, Tumca iSviaTad igive sigrZisaa. jvari ukana mxridan gluvia, sapire ki morTulia dekoraciuli SemkulobiT. rig SemTxvevaSi jvris qveda mklavidan amozrdilia ayvavebuli ylortebi da uerTdeba gverdiTi mklavebis gaSlil boloebs. jvrebi umetesad erTi mTliani qvisgan iTleboda, Tumca zog SemTxvevaSi jvari Sedgenilmklaviania, razec metyvelebs mklavebSi gakeTebuli Rrmulebi, romelSidac Camagrebuli unda yofiliyo maTi damakavSirebeli samagrebi (tab. 192). jvris mklavebi gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisagan rogorc masalis feriT da zomebiT, aseve reliefuri gamosaxulebebiT da Sesrulebis teqnikiT. am niSnebiT maTi jgufebad dayofac SeiZleba. jvris mklavebis sisqe 6-8 sm-ia, gverdiTi Tarazulad gaSlili mklavebis saerTo sigane 30-50 sm-s Soris meryeobs, xolo jvris saerTo simaRle 40-dan 60 sm-dea _ 33 _ (mklavebis zomebi da aRwera ix. katalogSi). mklavebis gadakveTaze centrSi, xSirad wrea gamosaxuli masSi Cawerili mravalfurcela varduliT an tolmklaviani jvriT, ufro iSviaTad ki sxvadasxva geometriuli figurebi wris gareSea amozrdili. centrSi mklavebis konturebs Txeli lilvebi Semosdevs, centrebidan ki gaganierebul boloebisaken amozrdilia ornamentebian Reroze gamobmuli stilizebuli varduli, samyura SroSani an lotosis yvavili. zog SemTxvevaSi mxolod mklavebis konturebia sami-oTxi kantiT an iribi zolebiT Semofargluli, xolo Sua nawili ornamentaciis gareSea da ceradkveTilad aris gulamoRebuli. nagzauris kompleqsSi yvelaze meti gamovlinda jvris mklavebi SroSanisa da lotosis yvavilis gamosaxulebiT. am yvavilTa stilizebuli gamosaxulebebi mravlad gvxvdeba Zveli msoflios sataZro da mcire plastikis reliefebze. lotosis yvavils mniSvnelovani adgili uWiravs Zveli egviptis xelovnebasa da miTologiaSi, rogorc TviT qveynisa da sxvadasxva RvTaebaTa simbolos, xolo SroSani, rogorc yvavili-insignia farTod iyo gavrcelebuli Zveli sparseTis kulturaSi [Wilkinson, Richard H., 2003. Мачабели К., 1976, 112-114]. am yvavilTa stilizebulma gamosaxulebebma mniSvnelovani adgili daikava qristianul simbolikaSic. SroSani, rogorc uZvelesi droidan siwmindisa da Tavmdablobis simbolo, qristes aRdgomas daukavSirda. es simbolo gaigivebuli iyo aseve uflis meored mosvlasTan, xolo Sua saukuneebis evropaSi SroSani RmrTismSoblis yvaviladac iTvleboda. jvris mklavi SroSanis yvaviliT nagzauris kompleqsSi gamovlinda jvris 13 mklavi SroSanis yvavilis gamosaxulebiT. samyura SroSanis motivi farTod aris gavrcelebuli qvemo qarTlis qvajvarebze – `lamazi gora~ VI s. [CubinaSvili n., 1972, tab. 4,5], baliWi VI s. [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. VI-3], baRCalari VI-VII ss. [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. LXVI 1-2]. kompleqsis sxvadasxva adgilas moZiebuli es mklavebi erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian masaliT, formiT da Sesrulebis xarisxiT (nax. 131-12; tab. 171-8, 181-4). am cameti mklavidan xuTi monacrisfro tufisgan aris gamoTlili (inv. ## 1, 18, 28, 107, 113). es aris boloebgafarToebuli jvris mokle mklavebi maTze dabali reliefiT amokveTili SroSanis yvaviliT (nax. 131-4; tab. 171-4). ramdenime mklavi erTi jvris nawili unda iyos. isini erTi zomisaa da msgavsi motiviT aris dafaruli. mklavebis konturebs Sewyvilebuli lilvebi farglavs, centrebidan ki gaganierebul boloebisaken amozrdilia dabal Reroze gamobmuli stilizebuli samyura SroSani. dabali fonis miuxedavad xazebi denadia da modelireba rbili. sxvadasxva adgilas aRmoCenili #18 da #28 mklavi, centrSi SemorCenili varduliani medalioniT moergo erTmaneTs (nax. 131; tab. 171). #1 mklavs gaSlil bolosTan aqvs wamonazardi (nax. 133; tab. 174). igi uTuod jvris marjvena mklavi unda iyos, radgan am SemTxvevaSi wamonazardi qveviT moeqceva da miviRebT ayvavebuli jvris nacnob suraTs, sadac jvris Ziridan amozrdili Stoebi gverdiT mklavebs, swored amgvari wanazardiT ebjineba. analogiuria `lamaz goraze~ aRmoCenili ayvavebuli _ 34 _ nax. 13 1 (28, 18) 4 (113) 2 (107) 3 (1) 5 (88) 6 (16) 8 (104) 7 (5) 12 (62) 10 (46) 9 (24) 11 (71) _ 35 _ jvari [CubinaSvili n., 1972, 45, tab. 5] da aRsaniSnavia rom mis mklavebzec SroSanis yvavilebia, xolo jvris centrSi ki aseve varduliani medalioni. msgavsia Sesrulebis teqnikac. savaraudoa, rom am ori jvris ostatTagan, erT-erTisaTvis cnobili iyo meore, an sulac orive erT saxelosnoSi yofiliyo damzadebuli. n. CubinaSvili `lamazi goris~ jvars VI-VII ss-iT aTariRebs [CubinaSvili n., 1972, 46]. igive qronologiur CarCoSi eqceva Cveni nimuSebic. aq V s-is arqauloba ar Cans da vfiqrobT, VI s-iT unda SemovifargloT. erTmaneTis msgavsi motivia oTx momdevno mklavze (inv. ##5, 16, 88, 104) da zomebiTac erTnairia, Tumca ori maTgani wiTeli tufisgan aris gamoTlili, danarCeni ori ki, TeTri tufisgan. am mklavebze gamosaxulia wiwvovan Reroze mdgari SroSanis yvavili. Rero amozrdilia jvris centrSi wreSi Casmuli vardulidan (nax. 135-8; tab. 175-8). Semdegi oTxi mklavidan (inv. ##24, 46, 71, 62) pirveli sami erTi jvrisa unda iyos (nax. 139-11; tab. 181-3). kveTa aq Rrmaa da CrdilnaTeliani. meoTxe mklavze reliefi ufro dabalia (nax. 1312; tab. 184). maTgan pirvel sam mklavze lilvebs Soris moqceuli are Sevsebulia maRal Reroze amozrdili samyura SroSanis yvaviliT. Rero Sevsebulia ceradkveTili samkuTxedebiT. yvavilis furclebic ceradkveTiladaa modelirebuli. foni saerTod ar Cans. kveTa Rrmaa, CrdilnaTeli uxvad ecema da TiTqmis realuri mcenareuli xati iqmneba. kompozicia gaazrebulia. igrZnoba Semoqmedi ostatis xeli. SeiZleba daTariRdes V-VI s-is I naxevriT. samkuTxedebis amgvari motivi gvxvdeba `kvrinCxiansa~ da „buCuraSenis“ eklesiebSi SemorCenil qvajvaraTa fragmentebze [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. XXI-1, LXIV -1]. jvris mklavi lotosis yvaviliT stilizebuli samyura lotosis motivic farTod aris gavrcelebuli qvemo qarTlis qvajvarebze. lamazi gora V-VI ss I nax. [CubinaSvili n., 1972, tab. 3], `buCuraSeni~ V-VI ss [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. LXXI-1]. sul Svidi amgvari fragmentia moZiebuli kompleqsis sxvadasxva adgilas. isini erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian masalis feriT, formiT da Sesrulebis maneriT (nax. 141-4; tab. 185-8). maTgan pirveli oTxi (inv. ##38, 40, 81, 102), monacrisfro tufisgan gamoTlili erTi jvris mklavebi aRmoCnda (nax. 141; tab. 185). am jvris mklavebze gamosaxulia wiwvovan Reroze mdgari lotosi. Rero amozrdilia jvris centrSi Caxazuli kvadratidan. grZiv konturebs or-ori lilvi gasdevs. foni saSualoa. Tumca modelireba sakmaod denadia. msgavsi naxatia momdevno fragmentze (inv. # 103), romelzec SemorCenilia lotosis yvavilis morkaluli nawiburi (nax. 142; tab. 186). Semdeg mklavze (inv. #61) lotosis yvavili msgavsi xerxiTaa gamosaxuli, Tumca feria gansxvavebuli _ wiTeli tufisaa (nax. 143; tab. 187). aseTivea (inv. #108) bolo fragmentic (nax. 144; tab. 188). _ 36 _ nax. 14 2 (103) 1 (38, 40, 81, 102) 4 (61) 3 (108) jvris mklavi varduliT mklavebis momdevno jgufis oTxive mklavze gamosaxulia Reroze amosuli mravalfurcela varduli (nax. 151-4; tab. 191-4). vardulsac aRmosavluri Ziri aqvs, romelmac Semdgom mniSvnelovani adgili daikava qristianul simbolikaSi rogorc `tolmklava jvris tolfardma da mis Semnacvlebelma elementma~ [maCabeli k., 2007, 38]. amgvari vardulebi xSirad gvxvdeba adreqristianul qvajvaraTa reliefebze [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. LXVII; javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. XCV, XCVI 1-2]. am jgufis mklavebi moklea da Tanabrad boloebgafarToebuli. isini erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdebian Wris teqnikiT da moCarCoebis sxvadasxva variaciiT. pirveli ori mklavi SesaZloa erTi jvrisa iyos (nax. 151-2; tab. 191-2). orTave moCarCoebulia erTmaneTSi Camjdari ceradkveTili samkuTxedebis farTo arSiiT. pirvelze (inv. # #29) eqvsqimiani varskvlavis msgavsi vardulia, meoreze _ Svidqimiani (inv. #79). mesame gansxvavebuli ferisaa (inv. #42). SemosazRvrulia sammaglilviani CarCoTi, SuaSi ki foni ceradkveTilad aris amoRebuli da am RarSi Cawerilia Reroze amozrdili Svidfurcela varduli. ceradkveTilma fonma moxsna geometriuloba da sixiste, kveTac ostaturia (nax. 154; tab. 194). meoTxe mklavze gamosaxulia Tavisi SinaarsiT unikaluri reliefi _ ormagi lilviT _ 37 _ nax. 15 1 (29) 2 (79) 3 (60) 5 4 (42) SemosazRvrul brtyel fonze, warmodgenilia Reroze amozrdili adamianis saxis sqematuri gamosaxuleba (inv. #60). Sveuli xazebiT Seqmnili Tmebi mas qudiviT xuravs (nax. 153; tab. 193). saxis ovali zeviTken aris gafarToebuli. odnav amoburculia Subli, sqematuria Tval-warbi, cxviri, piri da yvrimali. Tumca, sqematizaciis miuxedavad, saxe gaazrebulad aris gadmocemuli. daxvewilia CarCo. amgvari gamosaxuleba jvris mklavze cnobili ar aris. jvris danarCeni mklavebis moZiebis gareSe saxis personificireba rTulia. mamakacis saxe analogiuri varcxnilobiT aRbeWdilia xandisis [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. LXXXIII-1] (kvirike ?) da goras [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. XLV -1] (yrma qriste) qvajvarebze. oTxive mklavi VI saukuneze gviani ar unda iyos. msgavsi, rvafurcela varduliani mklavis fragmenti aRmoCnda SemTxveviT kompleqsis aRmosavleTiT, mindorSi, oriode km-Si, da inaxeboda sof. ganTiadis eklesiaSi (monacrisfro tufi _ 8X13X15sm). varduli wiwvovan Rerozea amozrdili, mklavis brtyeli foni ki SemosazRvrulia ormagi kantiT (nax. 155; tab. 195). _ 38 _ jvris mklavi wiwvovani da samkuTxedebiani ornamentiT mklavebis momdevno jgufi mxolod geometriuli ornamentaciiT aris morTuli. aRmoCenilia Svidi amgvari mklavi. es fragmentebic moZiebulia kompleqsis sxvadasxva adgilas da erTmaneTisgan mkveTrad gansxvavdebian masaliT, formiT da Sesrulebis xarisxiT. monacrisfro tufisgan gamoTlili pirveli sami mklavi erTmaneTs moergo da nakluli jvari (inv. #80) Seadgina (nax. 161; tab. 197). ceradkveTiT gulamoRebul mklavebs sigrZeze dauyveba kantebs Soris moqceuli, wiwvovani frizi. jvris gaganierebul boloebSi ki RarebSi Casmulia koncentrirebulwriani Rilakebi. am mxriv aq TiTqmis ganmeorebulia `lamazi goras~ #591 jvris Rilakebiani motivi [CubinaSvili n., 1972, tab. 6]. momdevno ori mklavi fragmentulia (inv. ##39, 91). maTi mxolod Sua nawilebia SemorCenili, SuaSi viwro RariT da gverdebze wiwvovani friziT (nax. 162,3; tab. 196,8). Semdegi mklavi jvris qveda mklavis grZeli fragmentia Casadgami morCiT (inv. # 87). wiwvovani naxati sqelia da ceradkveTili (nax. 165; tab. 1910). bolo mklavic aseve jvris qveda mklavis grZeli fragmentia Casadgami morCiT (inv. #141). mklavis gluvi zedapiri Semofarglulia ceradkveTili samkuTxedebiT (nax. 164; tab. 199). nax. 16 2 (91) 1 (80) 5 (87) 4 (141) _ 39 _ 3 (39) jvris mklavi ceradkveTili RariT am bolo jgufis TerTmeti mklavic sxvadasxva feris tufisgan aris gamoTlili, Tumca erTmaneTis msgavsia maTi dekoris zogadi xasiaTi. es aris sami-oTxi kantiT Semofargluli, ceradkveTilad gulamoRebuli bologafarToebuli mklavebi. sami maTganis gaganierebul nawilSi naxevarsferoa gamoyvanili. pirveli ori (inv. ##17, 106) erTi jvris nawili unda iyos (nax. 171,2; tab. 201,2). es martivi, geometriuli naxazi ostaturad aris Sesrulebuli. analogiebi mravlad moipoveba `lamazi gora~ [CubinaSvili n., 1972, tab. 6], nax. 17 1 (17) 2 (106) 3 (90) 4 (83) 5 (11) 7 (33) 9 (53) 6 (118) 8 (95) _ 40 _ „buCuraSeni~’’ [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. LXX 2]. amgvari sqemis qronologiuri CarCo V-VII saukuneebia, Cven SemTxvevaSi ki V-VI ss. SeiZleba vigulisxmoT. erTi jvris nawili unda iyos sami momdevno fragmentic (inv. ## 90, 83, 11). mklavi naxevarsferoTi, aseTive masalisgan gamoTlili mklavis Sua nawili da mklavis Casadgami morCi (nax. 173-5; tab. 203-5). jvris momdevno mklavebisgan Sedga erTi sruli jvari (inv. #118). jvars momtvreuli aqvs Ziri da ayvavebuli rtoebis dasawyisi. mklavebs gverdebze dauyveba zolebi. SuaSi, mTel sigrZeze gluvi sibrtyea, sigrZeze CaWrili Txeli RariT. jvris centrSi wrea tolmklava jvriT. ayvavebuli rtoebi Ziridan iyo amozrdili da ebjineboda gverdiT mklavebs. analogiuri rtoebi aqvs `lamazi goras~ jvars [CubinaSvili n., 1972, tab. 5]. (nax. 176; tab. 206). aseTive tipis jvris nawili unda iyos momdevno ori fragmenti (inv. ##33, 95) TxelRariani gluvi sibrtyiT da zolebiT gverdebze. aq lilvebs Soris sami, odnav amoburculi, ialqnisebri samkuTxedia Seqmnili. es xazobrivi mocemuloba zemoxsenebulTa qronologiur arealSi Tavsdeba, Tumca erTgvari standartis saxe aqvs _ rodesac jvrebma ukve sayovelTao xasiaTi SeiZines (nax. 177,8; tab. 207,8). odnav gansxvavebulia bolo jvris mklavi (inv. #53). guli aq ufro Rrmad aris amoRebuli. TiTqmis zusti aslia `kvrinCxianSi~ napovni jvris mklavisa [jafariZe v. 1982, tab. XXVI - 1,2]. (nax. 179; tab. 209). amgvarad, yvela am mklavis qronologiuri are maTi stilisturi niSnebiT da analogiebis moSveliebiT, SegviZlia V-VII ss-iT SemovfargloT. keramikuli jvari tufisgan gamoTlili jvris mklavebis garda gamovlinda oTxi keramikuli fragmenti, romlebic aseve jvris nawilebi unda iyos (nax. 182,3; tab. 211,2). aRmoCnda wris ori rkali, nax. 18 3 (109) 4 (135) 1 (84) 2 (86) _ 41 _ 5sm. siganisa da 4.5 sm. sisqis. pirvel maTgans (inv. #86) jvris gareTa mklavis wanazardi aqvs (nax. 182; tab. 211). mesame fragmenti samkuTxa formis boloebgaSlili jvris 10 sm. sigrZe-siganisa da 4.5 sm. sisqis segmentia (inv. #84), romelic am wreSi unda yofiliyo Cawerili (nax. 181; tab. 213), xolo meoTxe odnav ufro viwro mrude rkalia (inv. #135), romelic SesaZloa jvris qveda mklavis ayvavebuli rto iyos (nax. 184; tab. 214). amgvarad am fragmentebisgan SeiZleba miviRoT daaxloebiT 60 sm-de siganis ayvavebuli jvari, romlis boloebgaSlili mklavebi amozrdilia Tavad jvarCasmuli Wviruli wridan. am wridan amozrdili jvris mklavis gverdebs Txeli lilvebi Semosdevs, TviT wresa da wris Sida jvris mklavebs ki konturuli naWdevi Semouyveba amgvari keramikuli jvrebis arseboba sxvagan saqarTveloSi CvenTvis samecniero literaturidan cnobili ar aris. savaraudoa, rom es jvrebic qvasvetebze unda yofiliyo aRmarTuli. am formis jvrebi evropaSi cnobilia kelturi jvris saxelwodebiT da aseTi jvrebiT dasrulebuli qvasvetebi VIII s-dan farTod iyo gavrcelebuli irlandiasa da did britaneTSi [Wilson David M. 1984. ]. Tumca Cvens mier gamovlenili jvrebi maTze gacilebiT adreuli unda iyos. es artefaqtebi qvis reliefebis sxva fragmentebTan erTad aris gamovlenili da maTi daTariRebisas aseve unda SemovifargloT _ VI-VII ss-iT. svetisTavi sakmao raodenobiT gamovlinda aseve qvajvaras svetisTavebis fragmentebi uflis saflavis TaRediani modeliT. am frgmentebiT SeiZleba aewyos Svidi an rva aseTi modeli. uflis saflavis modelis zogad saxes warmoadgens cokolze mdgomi TaRedebiani fanCaturiseburi nageboba. es nagebobebi dasrulebulia sxvadasxva modifikaciis lavgardaniT da timpaniT Sekruli naxevarcilindruli kamariT an sferoseburi moculobiT, rasac agvirgvinebda qvis jvari. am moculobaTa svetebi, lavgardani, TaRedebi da timpani ZiriTadad morTuli iyo geometriuli ornamentaciiT, iSviaTad ki _ figuruli gamosaxulebebiT (nax. 19, 20; tab. 215-10, 22). sul ocamde aseTi fragmentia moZiebuli kompleqsis sxvadasxva adgilas, romlebic aseve gansxvavdebian erTmaneTisgan masalis feriT, formiT da Sesrulebis xarisxiT. pirveli svetisTavi wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlili pirveli svetisTavi arasruli saxiT aewyo sxvadasxva adgilas moZiebul fragmentebisgan (inv. #20). sainteresoa, rom ramdenime maTgani pirvel eklesiasTan aRmoCnda, erTi ki meoTxe eklesiis interierSi. erTmaneTs moergo TaRedis Ziri da sami marTkuTxa sveti figuruli gamosaxulebebiT da geometriuli ornamentebiT (wiTeli tufi _ 22X24X21 sm). (nax. 191,2; tab. 215,6). svetebi Sekruli unda yofiliyo naliseburi TaRebiT. SemorCenilia TaRedis qveda rkalebi. or svetze adamianis frontaluri figurebia gamosaxuli. samwuxarod, momtvreulia svetebis zeda nawilebi da figurebi mxolod ori mesamediT aris SemorCenili. amitom maTi identificireba rTulia. frontalurad mdgom marjvena figuras marjvena xeli mklavSi aqvs moxrili da zeaweuli saxisken. marjvena xelis mtevani saxesTan erTad da marcxena xeli mTlianad momtvreulia. figura Semosilia terfamde daSvebuli tunikiTa da qlamidiT, romelic win efineba naxevarwriulad. mosasxami-qlamida marjvena mxarzea gadaSvebuli da Semdeg naoWebad eS_ 42 _ 1 (20, 48, 92) nax. 19 3 (65) 4 (138) 2 (20, 48, 92) 5 (75) 6 (89) 7 (116) 8 (117) _ 43 _ nax. 20 1 (105) 2 (30) 3 (111) 4 (47) 7 (115 a) 6 (82, 115) 5 (85) 9 8 (97) 10 11 12 veba TeZomde. kaba-tunika Sewyvilebuli xazebiT aris grZivad daliandagebuli. dabali reliefis miuxedavad figura sakmaod moculobiTia. mosasxamis nakecebi rbil, denad xazebs qmnian. xeli bunebrivad aris moxrili, misi formac cocxalia. farTo saxelodan moculobiTad aris gamosuli maja da moZraoba damajerebelia. Cans mravalplanianobis gadmocemis mcdelobac. figura proporciulia mTlianad da detalebSic. udavoa ostatis niWiereba – igi mcire StrixebiTac axerxebs adamianis sxeulis da samosis gadmocemas. meore figura TiTqmis pirvelis identuria. gansxvaveba mxolod detalebSia. samosis modelireba naklebad xazobrivia da kabis kalTebi ovalur naoWebad eSveba qvemoT, Tumca odnav stilizebulia. _ 44 _ figurebis identificireba, maTi naklulobis gamo, rTulia. samosis mixedviT Tu vimsjelebT, msgavsi tansacmliT sxva qvajvarebze Semosili arian mociqulebi da maxareblebic. aseTive Cacmuloba aqvT adamianTa figurebs aqve aRmoCenili mTliani qvasvetis mTavar waxnagze, romelTac k. maCabeli kozman da damianed miiCnevs [maCabeli k., 2007, 36]. marjvena figuris marcxena xelis adgilas SemorCenili sworkuTxa nawiburi SesaZloa saxarebis an yuTis fragmenti iyos, xolo marjvena figuris analogiur adgilas SemorCenili sworkuTxa nawiburi ki xelsawyo, rac ar gamoricxavs am figurebis zemoT aRniSnul pirovnebebTan identificirebas. Tumca uflis saflavis modelze kozman da damianes gamosaxva uCveuloa. am reliefis adreqristianuli xanisadmi mikuTvnebas ganapirobebs naxatis xasiaTi. aq kargad Cans midrekileba elinisturi formebisaken da jer kidev Sorsaa swrafva sqematizaciisaken, rasac Cven ukve vxvdebiT VII s-is Semdeg. svetebis gverdiT waxnagebze geometriuli reliefia. marTkuTxa CarCo Sekrulia diagonaluri xazebiT. am xazebiT warmoqmnil ceradkveTil samkuTxedebSi ki Casmulia brtyeli Rilakebi. aseTive svetisTavis nawili unda iyos wiTeli tufis momdevno ori fragmenti (inv. ## 65, 138), romlebzec aseve gamosaxulia diagonaluri xazebiT warmoqmnil ceradkveTil samkuTxedebSi Casmuli brtyeli Rilakebi (nax. 193-4; tab. 217-8). erT-erTi fragmentis gverdiT waxnagze SeRunuli sibrtyea Semkuli miniaturuli kesoniseburi marTkuTxedebiT, rac ueWvelia TaRis ovali unda iyos (nax. 193; tab. 217). meore svetisTavi uflis saflavis TaRediani modeliT (movardisfro-naRebisferi tufi _ 24X26X12sm.) naklulia (inv. #75). SemorCenilia mxolod dabali, kuburi moculoba qveda nawilis gareSe, romelsac svetebiani, TaRovani fanCaturis forma unda hqonoda. TaRebi Txeli lilvebiT iyo moniSnuli. marTkuTxa moculoba zeviT Sekrulia qongurebiani friziT. momtvreulia zeda (albaT naxevarcilindruli) nawilic, romelSic unda yofiliyo jvris Casadgami foso (nax. 195; tab. 221). igive feris masalisgan damzadebuli Semdegi fragmenti (inv. #116) SesaZloa am svetisTavis qveda nawili iyos (22X28X11-17sm.). SemorCenilia oTxidan mxolod erTi marTkuTxa sveti da svetebis sayrdeni Ziri kapitelTan damakavSirebeli mrgvali xvreliT (nax. 197; tab. 225). ramdenime fragmentisgan met-naklebad sruli saxiT aewyo TeTri tufis momdevno svetisTavi (17X17X17sm). am kuburi formis svetisTavis (inv. #89) qveda waxnagebze wvrili, sammagi xazebiT moniSnulia naliseburi orTaRedebi (nax. 196; tab. 219). Sua welze dauyveba TaRedebiani lavgardani. lavgardanis zemoT naxevarcilindrul kamaraSi amokveTilia jvris Casadgmeli kvadratuli Rrmuli. kamaris timpanis pirze ki uxeSadmoxazul lentovan wreSi gamosaxulia tolmklava jvari. svetisTavebi msgavsi motivebiT mravlad gvxvdeba sxva qvasvetebze. am motivis klasikuri saxea `lamazi goris~ da `xandisis~ TaRedebiani svetisTavebi VI s. II nax. [amiranaSvili j., 1968, sur. 18; maCabeli k. 2008, il. 4,5]. ufro adreuli unda iyos naliseburi formis TaRediani svetisTavi zemo skradan V-VI ss. [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. XC]. Semdegi svetisTavi sferoTi sruldeba (inv. #105). sfero dgas kvadratul (20X20sm.) 3,5 sm-is simaRlis orsafexurian bazaze, romelic Tavis mxriv agvirgvinebda oTxive mxriv gaxsnil TaReds. sferoSi zemodan amokveTilia marTkuTxa Rrmuli (7X6X8sm.) jvris qveda mklavis Casadgmelad. nivTi proporciuli da daxvewilia. sfero kargad aris gamoyvanili (nax. 201; tab. 2110). _ 45 _ #4 eklesiis interiersa da fasadebTan aRmoCnda yavisfer winwklebiani naRebisferi tufis svetisTavis ramdenime fragmenti. erT-erTi maTgania (inv. #85) TaRebiani moculobis kuTxis fragmenti, romelsac Taro-lavgardani gasdevs (nax. 205; tab. 223). am moculobis TaRebi lilvebian svetebze unda yofiliyo dafuZnebuli, radgan gamovlinda igive masalisgan gamokveTili lilvebiani svetebis sami sxvadasxva zomis fragmenti (inv. #82, 115, 115a) da erT-erT maTganze SemorCenilia qvemoT _ sadgaris nawiburi, zemoT ki _ TaRis naSTi (nax. 206,7; tab.222). aseve SesaZloa, rom igive masalisgan gamoTlili ori momdevno ovaluri fragmentic (inv. #97) am svetisTavis sferos nawilebi iyos, romelSic jvari idgmeboda (nax. 208; tab.224). danarCeni sami fragmenti sxvadasxva feris masalisgan aris damzadebuli. yoveli maTgani uflis saflavis TaRediani modelis kuTxe unda iyos (inv. ##30, 47, 111). fragmenti #30 (TeTri tufi _ 4X6X7sm.). naxati aq fragmentis or waxnagzea. wina pirze, wiwvovani Sveuli monakveTi da TaRedis sawyisia SemorCenili. igive naxazia marcxena waxnagzec. amgvari motivis pirdapiri analogiaa `lamazi goras~ jvris TaRediani sadgari [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. XII. 1-3]. qronologiurad SegviZlia VI-VII ss. mivakuTvnoT (nax. 202; tab. 22) fragmenti #47-ic aseTive modelis nawili unda iyos. am rbilad dasamuSavebel wiTel tufis qvis namtvrevze (5X8X13sm) gamosaxulia farTod gavrcelebuli motivi ayvavebuli rtoebisa. naxati stilizebuli da sakmaod ganviTarebulia. foni Rrmad aris amoRebuli. rto waagavs mazdeizmis simbolur sparsul babTebs. samwuxarod, Zalze fragmentulad aris SemorCenili. albaT VI s. unda iyos. msgavsi babTebia `kvrinCxianis~ eklesiis qvajvaris bazaze [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. XI-1]. (nax. 204; tab. 227). svetisTavis momdevno #111 fragmentsac TaRedis nawiburi aqvs (Ria vardisferi tufi _ 5X9X6sm.). (nax. 203; tab. 228). svetisTavi kompleqsis gareT mTlian qvaSi gamoTlili uflis saflavis TaRediani modeli gamovlinda kompleqsis aRmosavleTiT, oriode km-Si, mindorSi (wiTeli tufi _ 19.5X20X43sm). es aris kompleqsSi aRmoCenil, zemoT aRwerili nimuSebis msgavsi moculoba _ cokolze mdgomi TaRedebiani nageboba timpaniT Sekruli naxevarcilindruli kamariT. kamaraSi amokveTilia jvris Casadgmeli kvadratuli Rrmuli. am models Rrmuli aqvs qveda mxridanac, romelSic Zelaki idgmeboda qvasvetis kapitelSi Casamagreblad. Zelakis gaWedva albaT soliT xerxdeboda ukana waxnagSi datovebuli mozrdili xvrelidan. marTkuTxa cokolze Semomdgar oTxwaxnaga moculobas Taros formis lavgardani aqvs, romelsac Zirze qongurebiani frizi gauyveba, kamaris timpani ki ceradkveTil samkuTxedebiT Semofarglul naxevarwriul rkalSi Casmuli zambaxis stilizebuli gamosaxulebiT aris damSvenebuli. stilizebuli modelis waxnagebze SemaRlebuli proporciis mqone naliseburi TaRebia gadayvanili (mTavar waxnagze orTaRedi) wiwvovan-mcenareuli arSiebiT. ukana waxnagze mxolod mourTveli TaRia amokveTili. (nax. 209-12; tab. 229-11). [maCabeli k., 2008, 131, il. 65]. es svetisTavi msgavsia kompleqsSi aRmoCenili nimuSebisa, rogorc formiTa da TematikiT, aseve modelirebis xasiaTiT da xarisxiTac. es SemTxvevac kidev erTi dasabuTebaa qvis reliefebis am nimuSebis mkeTebeli SemoqmedebiTi saxelosnos aq arsebobisa. analogiuri modelebiT aris dasrulebuli didi gomareTis qvasvetebi [javaxiSvili g., 1998, 33, _ 46 _ tab. LXXI. 1]; msgavsi modelebi gvxvdeba aseve bolnisis r-Si [javaxiSvili g., 1998, 11, tab. IX. 1-2] da istoriuli bolnisis `lamaz goraze~ [amiranaSvili j., 1968, sur. 18]. yvela am modelis qronologiuri are maTi stilisturi niSnebiTa da analogiebis moSveliebiT, iseve rogorc zemoT aRwerili jvris mklavebi, SegviZlia V-VII ss-iT SemovfargloT. aqve unda aRvniSnoT mowiTalo tufis qvisgan gamoTlili qvasvetis mozrdili fragmenti (25X22X45sm), romelic daculia bolnisis mxareTmcodneobis muzeumSi da romelic muzeumis sainventaro wignSi gatarebulia, rogorc stelis svetis nawili #414 dmanisis r-nis sof. tnusis qveda eklesiidan. am qvasvetis or gverdze figuruli gamosaxulebebia. mesame gverdze mcenareuli reliefia, meoTxe gverdi ki gluvia. figuruli da mcenareuli reliefebi lilvebiT aris moCarCoebuli. wina pirze SemorCenilia lilvebian moCarCoebaSi Casmuli adamianis sruli figura da mis qvemoT meore CarCos zeda nawili adamianis Tavisa da mxrebis gamosaxulebiT. CarCos qveda nawili momtvreulia. amomtvreulia aseve zeda figuris saxe. mosasxami mxrebzea Semotmasnili da grZlad aris gadaSvebuli marjvena xelze. kabas ovaluri formis sam-sami nakeci aqvs figuris fexebze. marcxena xelSi wigni upyria, xolo marjvenaSi _ sacecxluri. terfebi simetriulad aris profilSi gamosaxuli (tab. 161-3). am qvasvets nagzauris RmrTismSoblis qvasvetis zomebi aqvs (25X22sm) da kveTis teqnikac msgavsia. brtyeli fila brtyeli filebi 6-7 sm. sisqisaa da reliefebi maTze mxolod wina mxridan aris amokveTili. msgavsi formis brtyeli filebi aRmoCnda gaTxrebisas bolnisis sionis irgvliv da `lamaz goraze~ [Чубинашвили Г., 1940, 101, sur. 75-76; musxeliSvili l., 1938, 338, sur. 18; amiranaSvili j., 1968, 27, sur. 9-11, 17]. gamonaklisia `lamaz goraze~ aRmoCenili erTerTi aseTi brtyeli fila (25X26X9sm.), romelic orive mxridan aris ornamentirebuli [amiranaSvili j., 1968, sur. 4]. es filebi, Tavisi formiT, ar ewereba qvajvaraTa cnobil konstruqciebSi da maTi adgili aseve jer kidev daudgenelia eklesiaTa fasadebisa Tu interieris kedlebSi ukana brtyeli mxris gamo. zogi mecnieri am tipis filebs saflavis qvebad miiCnevs [musxeliSvili l., 1941, 15; amiranaSvili j., 1968, 36], zogs ki am mosazrebis safuZvlianobaSi eWvi epareba [jafariZe v., 1982, 57]. Tumca ueWvelia, rom qvis reliefebis am Zeglebs garkveuli votivuri daniSnuleba unda hqonodaT da gamoyenebuli unda yofiliyo saeklesio SemkulobisTvis [bolqvaZe g., 2007, 112-134]. #1 eklesiasTan gamovlinda wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlili brtyeli, 6sm. sisqis ramdenime namtvrevi, romelTaganac ori nakluli fila aewyo. orTave maTganze gamosaxuli iyo wreSi Caxazuli tolmklavebiani jvari. pirveli nakluli fila (inv. #23) ori namtvrevisgan aewyo (6X16X23sm) (nax. 211; tab. 231). filaze SemorCenilia jvris mxolod erTi mklavi da misi mimdebare ceradkveTil samkuTxedebiani wris fragmenti. gamosaxuleba gamoirCeva Rrma kveTiTa da arqaulobiT. jvari gaSlili ovaliT ebjineba wres. wris zeviT naxevarvardulebiani frizis nawiburia SemorCenili. naxati CrdilnaTeliania. amgvari nimuSebi mravlad gvxvdeba. msgavsia dmanisis r-nis sof. kaklianis qvasvetis kapitelis bolnurjvriani gamosaxuleba [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. XL-1] da saTxis Crd. ekvderis Crd. fasadSi CaSenebuli qvajvaras kapitelis _ 47 _ nax. 21 1 (23) 2 (15) 3 (141) 4 (141) 5 (99) wina piris morTuloba [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. LVIII-2]. msgavsi kompozicia cnobilia bolnisis sionidanac V-VI ss. [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. XXXV-2], gvxvdeba ukangoris `kvrinCxianSic~, oRond sxva variaciiT [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. XIX-1]. Cveni reliefi SegviZlia V_VI ss. mijniT davaTariRoT. igi jer kidev am motivis sawyisi etapis maCvenebelia da ara misi gviani variantebisa, romlebic VII s-ze adreuli ar unda iyos _ mag., wreSi Caxazuli jvari `kvrinCxianis~ erT-erT sxva qvasvetze [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. XXV-2]. wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlili meore brtyeli filac (inv. #15) naklulia, Tumca ufro srulad aris SemorCenili (6X16X23 sm.). tolmklava jvari Cawerilia wriul CarCoSi, romelic Sedgeba rva-rva, SroSanis yvavilisa da foTlovani ornamentisgan. jvris boloebgafarToebuli mklavebi ostaturad aris ganawilebuli wriul CarCoSi. TviT CarCos elementebi ki simetriulad ar aris ganlagebuli jvris mklavebis mimarT da zomebiTac gansxvavebulia. elementebis kveTa wvrilia da maTi gamosaxuleba ufro grafikulia, vidre skulpturuli. ostats kargi xeli aqvs, Tumca Cans, rom igi mimbaZvelia. albaT unda gamovricxoT Vs. da VI-VIIss-iT SemovifargloT (nax. 212; tab. 232). analogiuri motivi bevria. TiTqmis identuria medalioni saTxis Crd. ekvderidan [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. LXXVIII-3], magram ufro daxvewili Cans. motivis erT-erTi pirvelwyaro unda iyos medalioni `kvrinCxianidan~ iranuli samefo bafTiT, romelic samecniero literaturaSi V s-iT aris daTariRebuli [jafariZe v., 1982, 75-76, tab. LXXVIII-2]. _ 48 _ kapiteli Semdegi ori fragmenti qvasvetis nakluli kapitelebia. pirveli maTgani (inv. #99) monacrisfro tufisgan aris gamoTlili (21X25X8 sm.). zeda gluv waxnagSi marTkuTxa Rrmulia datanili, rac imis maniSnebelia, rom es waxnagi kapitelis zeda mxarea. kapitelis zeda wibo Sekrulia grexili warbiseburi arSiiT. mis qveS ki SemorCenilia angelozis nimbis da zeaRmarTuli frTebis monakveTi. es mfrinavi angelozis nakluli figuraa da SegviZlia vivaraudod, rom am kapitelis waxnagebze qristes an jvris amaRlebis an/da RmrTismSoblis gandidebis kompozicia unda yofiliyo gamosaxuli (nax. 215; tab. 235). am kompoziciis (RmrTismSoblis gandidebis) erT-erTi adreuli nimuSia reliefi walkis (eZanis) eklesiis dasavleT fasadidan (VIs) [aladaSvili n., 1972, 17]. xolo qvemo bolnisis sameklesiiani bazilikis samxreT SesasvlelTa arqitravebze gamosaxulia qristes amaRlebis da RmrTismSoblis gandidebis reliefebi [Чубинашвили Г. Н., 1970, 106, il. 26,27]. msgavsi mfrinavi angelozia gamosaxuli did gomareTSi Ria cis qveS aRmarTuli erT-erTi qvasvetis kapitelze [maCabeli k., 2008, il. 55}. meore fragmenti (inv. #141) simaRleze momtvreuli kapitelis naxevars warmoadgens (wiTeli tufi _ 25X12X34 sm.). SemorCenili gverdiTi waxnagi gluvi da odnav Sezneqilia. sapiresa da ukana mxareze ki gamosaxulia wreSi Caxazuli tolmklavebiani jvari Semofargluli ceradkveTil samkuTxedebiani arSiiT. zeviT gasdevs ceradkveTili samkuTxedebis mozrdili frizi (nax. 213,4; tab. 233,4). amgvari gamosaxuleba bevrgan gvxvdeba qvajvaraTa bazebisa da kapitelebis waxnagebze. am kapitelis SemTxvevaSi kveTa ar aris Rrma da reliefuri naxati mSralia. igrZnoba, rom es naxati ostatis saavtoro qmnileba ki ar aris, aramed mis mier kargad nacnobi kompoziciis erTgvari seriuli nawarmia. kompleqsis teritoriaze aRmoCnda sxvadasxva gamis mowiTalo tufisgan gamoTlili gverdmomtvreuli kvadrebis formis xuTi qva (inv. ##6,9,10,132,134). es nakluli kvadre- 1 (6) 5 (132) 2 (9) nax. 22 3 (10) 6 (133) 7 (78) _ 49 _ 4 (134) bi daaxloebiT erTi zomisaa, sigrZe siganiT 20-30, xolo simaRliT 16-18sm. maT mxolod or-ori waxnagi da erTi maxvili kuTxe aqvT gamoyvanili, ukana mxare ki yvela maTganze momtvreulia. waxnagebs Tavdapirvelad sam-sami gluvi lilvi auyveboda _ TiTo-TiTo gverdebze da erTi centrSi. waxnagebi sxvadasxva zomiT aris momtvreuli da amitom zog waxnags samive lilvi SemorCa, zogsac ki _ ori an sulac erTi. Tavisi formiT, es kvadrebic ar ewereba qvajvaraTa cnobil konstruqciebSi da maTi adgilic gaurkvevelia eklesiaTa fasadebisa Tu interieris kedlebSi. (nax. 221-5; tab. 241-5a). Tumca ki ueWvelia, rom lilvebiT aqcentirebuli es kvadrebic gamoyenebuli unda yofiliyo saeklesio SemkulobisTvis. SesaZloa maTi momtvreuli ukana mxare da maTi zeda da qveda mosworebuli piri imaze miuTiTebdes, rom isini konstruqciul elementebs warmoadgendnen _ Riobebis wirTxlebs, absidis an pilastrebis mxrebs. ufro ki SesaZloa JaleTis eklesiis sakurTxevliswina jvris aRsamarTav eqvswaxnaga kvarcxlbekis msgavsi konstruqciis nawilebi iyos [qadeiSvili n., 1964, 20]. sagulisxmoa, rom ori maTgani pirveli eklesiis dasavleT Sesasvlelis win aRmoCnda da aseTive gluvlilviani qva _ eklesiis samxreT aRmosavleTiT. (nax. 221-3; tab. 241-3). am tipis kvadrebi CvenTvis ucnobia sxva Zeglebze da arc specialur literaturaSi ar Segvxvedria. sainteresoa, rom erT-erTi kvadris waxnagze eqvsboloiani qristogramaa amokveTili (nax. 224; tab. 245,5a). nagebobis an raime struqturis konstruqciuli detalebi unda iyos wiTeli tufis ori momdevno kvadri. pirveli (inv. #133) ueWvelad konstruqciuli detalia, radgan zeda mxares marTkuTxa xvreli da Rari aqvs e.w. `uwyveti~ mercxliskuda samagrisTvis, xolo gverdi da qveda mxare _ iribad CaTlili (31X31X24sm) (nax. 226; tab. 246). daaxloebiT igive zomis meore kvadri (inv. #78) ki SesaZloa qvasvetis nawilic iyos, romelic mTlianad gluvi da gverdebmosworebulia da meoradi gamoyenebiT aris CarTuli #3 eklesiis kankelSi (nax. 227; tab. 3, 247). anatkeci kompleqsSi gamovlenili danarCeni natexebi Zalze wvrilia, Tumca maT Soris gamoirCeva or aTeulamde anatkeci, romlebzec fragmentulad aris SemorCenili zemoT aRwerili reliefebis msgavsi dekoraciuli motivebi da naTlad Cans, rom qvajvarebis anatkecebs warmoadgenen. or maTganze adamianis gamosaxulebacaa amokveTili. savaraudoa, rom am fragmentTa umetesoba brtyeli filebis anatkecebia. wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlil sam maTgaze (inv. ##8,19,36) gamosaxulia wriuli grexili lilvisa da jvris mklavebis nawiburebi, rac wreSi Casmuli tolmklavebiani jvris kompoziciis Semadgeneli fragmentebi unda iyos. (nax. 231,2,5; tab. 251,2,5). ceradkveTili samkuTxedebis, wriuli lilvebis, mravalfurcela vardulebis da stilizebuli foTlebis nawiburebia SemorCenili wiTeli tufis momdevno cxra fragmentze (inv. ##2,4,22,34,35,54,55,69,98). es reliefebic igive dekoraciuli repertuaris mqone kompoziciebis Semadgeneli nawilia. msgavsia Sesrulebis teqnika da qronologiuradac ar gamoirCevian aRweril nimuSTagan (nax. 233,4,6-12; tab. 253,4,6-12). gamovlinda aseve brtyeli lilvebiT moCarCoebuli wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlili filebis fragmentebi (inv. ##3,7,32,67,68,76,96,100,127,136). lilvebis mimdebare sibrtyeebi gluvia (nax. 241-8,11,12; tab. 2513-17, 261-3,6,7). erT maTganze adamianis xelapyrobili figuris fragmentia SemorCenili (#127). figuris idayvSi moxrili mklavi sruldeba xelis mte_ 50 _ nax. 23 1 (36) 4 (4) 3 (2) 2 (19) 6(22) 5 (8) 7 (34) 12 (98) 8 (35) 9 (54) 10 (55) 11 (69) vniT. idayvidan eSveba drapirebuli tansacmeli (nax. 2411; tab. 266). aseTive filis anatkeci unda iyos mcire fragmenti adamianis Tavis frontaluri gamosaxulebiT (#100). saxe sakmaod maRali reliefiTaa Sesrulebuli. stilizebulia Tmebi, Tvalebis da piris moxazulobac, Tumca saxes mTlianad realisturi elferi aqvs. gamoyvanilia Subli, cxviri, warbis rkalebi, yvrimalebi, loyebi da nikapi. am adamianis Tmebis, saxis nakvTebis gadmocemis xerxi da gamometyvelebac ki msgavsia aqve aRmoCenili mTliani qvasvetis kapitelis waxnagze amokveTili mamakacebis gamosaxulebebisa. (nax. 2412; tab. 267). gamovlinda aseve wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlili naxevarwriuli lilvebis ori fragmenti (inv. ##101, 114). lilvebi sakmaod ganieria (12 sm.) da reliefur qvasvetebs ar unda ekuTvnodnen. gaurkvevelia maTi mimarTeba eklesiebTanac (nax. 249,10; tab. 264,5). _ 51 _ nax. 24 1 (3) 4 (68) 2 (7) 3 (31, 32) 9 (101) 7 (67) 5 (96) 6 (76) 8 (136) 10 (114) 11 (127) 12 (100) _ 52 _ lomis Tavi kompleqsis sxvadasxva adgilas aRmoCnda mowiTalo tufisgan gamokveTili, cxovelis sami Tavis stilizebuli horeliefebis (faqtobrivad mrgvali qandakebis) fragmentebi. am fragmentebisgan Sedga lomis masiuri yvrimalebiani saxis da Tavis wina nawilis stilizebuli gamosaxuleba _ fafriT da yurebiT, mozrdili dingisebri cxviriT da kbilebiani ybebiT. pirveli ori Tavi zeda ybiT gamovlinda #1 eklesiis samxreT kedelTan (nax. 251,2; tab. 271-3). pirveli lomis qveda yba aRmoCnda #3 eklesiis dasavleT fasadTan. meore lomis qveda yba ki ver moviZieT. mesame horeliefis fragmenti _ ufro mcire zomis lomis Tavis qveda ybis nawili aRmoCnda #1 eklesiis dasavleT kedelTan (nax. 253; tab. 274). sagulisxmoa, rom pirvel or maTgans Tavze Rari aqvs amokveTili. saxeebi stilizebulia, forma moculobiTi. ueWvelad Cans warmarTuli tradiciis kvali maT formasa da SinaarsSi. maT Tavebze amokveTili Rarebi gvafiqrebinebs, rom SesaZloa es horeliefebi eklesiis morTulobas ganekuTvneboda da SesaZloa saxuravis detals _ wyalsawret simas funqcias asrulebdnen. Tumca amis dasabuTeba Znelia. qristianuli epoqis saqarTveloSi lomis reliefuri gamosaxulebebi xSiria da mravlad gvxvdeba, rogorc adreqristianul, aseve momdevno xanis eklesiaTa fasadebsa da interierSi [aladaSvili n., 1974, 96; Аладашвили Н. А., 1977, 12, 13, 14]. Tumca amgvari horeliefebi, romlebic faqtobrivad mrgval qandakebas warmoadgenen, iSviaTia. cnobilia mxolod afxazeTis sof. lixnSi aRmoCenili lomis Tavis marmarilos mrgvali qandakeba. l. xruSkova mas Vs-iT aTariRebs da miiCnevs, rom es qandakeba saero nagebobis morTuloba unda yofiliyo [Хрушкова Л. Г., 1980, 40]. sxva amgvari horeliefi cnobili ar aris qristianuli epoqis saqarTveloSi da am mxriv unikaluria. sxvadasxva modifikaciis ms- nax. 25 1 (50) 2 (51) 3 (139) _ 53 _ gavsi elementebi mravlad gvxvdeba gvianantikur da sasanidur xuroTmoZRvrebaSi. lomis gamosaxulebiani qandakebebi cnobilia vanidan [xoStaria n., da sxv. 1972, 181, sur. 144-149]. amdenad, maTi daTariReba adreqristianuli xanis sawyisi etapiT SesaZleblad migvaCnia (nax. 251-3; tab. 27). qvis WurWeli meoTxe eklesiis interierSi aRmoCnda wiTeli tufisgan gamoTlili qvis WurWlis ramdenime namtvrevi. am namtvrevebisgan aewyo 41X27sm. sigrZe-siganisa da 17.5sm. simaRlis marTkuTxa WurWeli (inv. #93). mas ZirSi mrgvali, konusuri gamWoli xvreli aqvs (nax. 26; tab. 275,6). qvis reliefebis nimuSTa aseTi simravle da mravalferovneba gvafiqrebinebs, rom am regionSi adre Sua saukuneebSi unda yofiliyo qviTxuro moqandakeTa saxelosnoebi, mravalricxovani ostat-SegirdebiT, sadac qvis reliefebis nimuSTa seriuli warmoeba mimdinareobda da amave dros Sedevrebic iqmneboda. nax. 26 1 (93) _ 54 _ qvajvara aRsaydrebuli Cviledi RmrTismSoblis gamosaxulebiT4 meoTxe eklesiis interierSi aRmoCenili wiTeli tufis monoliTuri oTxwaxnaga svetis (simaRle 113 sm.) kveTa kvadratTanaa miaxloebuli (25X22 sm.). igi amave blokSi gamokveTili kapiteliTaa dagvirgvinebuli (kapitelis simaRle 27 sm.). kapitelis zeda sibrtyeSi qvis skulpturuli jvris Casamagreblad Rrma fosoa CakveTili (kveTaSi 3X3sm.), rac imis dasturia, rom qvasvetis fragmenti qvajvaras konstruqciis zeda nawils warmoadgens (nax. 11,121,2; tab. 9-15). qvasvetis kapitelis forma kubTan miaxloebuli geometriuli moculobaa, odnav Sezneqili wiboebiT (simaRlisa da siganis Sefardeba 27X25 sm.). kapitelis amgvari forma damaxasiaTebelia VI-VII saukuneTa qarTuli qvajvarebisaTvis (brdaZori, naRvarevi, ukangori, dmanisi, bolnisi) [maCabeli k., 1998, il. 3,5,11,14,16]. svetis waxnagebi erTmaneTisgan qvis sisqeSi gamokveTili kuTxis svetebiTaa gamoyofili. kapiteli, romlis waxnagebi reliefuri saxeebiTaa Semkuli, mxolod or mxares (das. da Crd.) zeda nawilSi ornamentuli CarCoTia SemosazRvruli (safasado mxares koncentruli rkalebis motivia, CrdiloeTis mxares samkuTxedebis wyeba). reliefuri saxeebiTa da arqiteqturuli ornamentiT Semkuli kapitelis amgvarive forma gvxvdeba saqarTvelos mezobeli qveynis _ iranis xelovnebaSi, romelTanac saqarTvelos, aqamenianTa epoqidan moyolebuli, mWidro kontaqtebi hqonda. sasanuri iranis kulturasTan Cveni qveynis urTierTobebi kargadaa cnobili. gavixseneb, rom gvianromauli xanis iberiis torevtikaSi Taviseburad aisaxa saqarTvelo-iranis urTierTobis rTuli suraTi [Мачабели К., 1976, 105_130] es kulturuli kavSirebi ar Sewyvetila Sua saukuneebis ganmavlobaSi. ar Sevexebi iranul xuroTmoZRvrebasTan qarTulis mimarTebas, aRvniSnav mxolod, rom dmanuri kapiteli siaxloves amJRavnebs iranuli arqiteqturis zogierT konstruqciul elementTan, magaliTad, tak-i bostanis kapitelTan, romelzec sasaniani mbrZaneblis reliefuri saxea warmodgenili [Ghirshmann R., 1962, sur. 375]. analogiuria kapitelis forma, trapeciiseburi zedapiris Sevseba figuruli reliefiT, da rac gansakuTrebiT niSandoblivia, kapitelis SemosazRvra zeda nawilSi ornamentis zoliT. mniSvnelovania, rom tak-i bostanis aRniSnuli kapitelis zeda CarCos ornamenti _ miniaturuli TaRnari, romelsac mkvlevarni sparsul ornamentaciaSi inovaciad miiCneven, garkveulad saxeSecvlili gvxvdeba mTel rig qarTul qvasvetebze (Zveli musxi, xandisi, dmanisi, VIs. IInax.). r. girSmanis azriT, sasanuri xuroTmoZRvrebis Zeglebsa (mag. qtezifonis sasaxlis TaRebis Semamkobeli patara TaRedebi) da IV_VI ss. siriul da bizantiur arqiteqturaSi gavrcelebuli TaRebis mwkrivi elinisturi elementebis garkveuli metamorfozebis Sedegs warmoadgens. mkvlevris varaudiT, es arqiteqturuli motivi aRmosavluri warmoSobisaa [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 292]. dmanisis qvasvetis waxnagebis reliefuri dekori kargad gaazrebul ikonografiul programas efuZneba. qvasvetis reliefur kompoziciaSi organuladaa CarTuli figuruli da ornamentuli motivebi, romelTagan TiToeuls, misi ideuri da mxatvruli mniSvnelobidan gamomdinare, zustad gansazRvruli adgili aqvs miCenili. dabal reliefSi Sesrulebuli gamosaxulebebi xaliCiseburad faravs svetisa da kapitelis zedapirebs. qvasvetis oTxi waxnagidan erTi (mTavari) figuruli kompoziciebiTaa dafaruli, mis momijnave waxnagebs ki mcenareuli ornamenti amkobs, uornamentodaa datovebuli meoTxe waxnagi (zurgis mxare). 4 aRniSnuli Tavi ekuTvnis _ q-n kiti maCabels _ 55 _ svetisgan gansxvavebiT, kapitelis oTxive mxare figuruli reliefebiTaa Semkuli. piriT mxareze (das.) aRsaydrebuli yrmiani RmrTismSoblis reliefuri saxea gamosaxuli. mis momijnave waxnagze (samx.) gamosaxulia mamakacis ori frontaluri figura. kapitelis meore gverdiTi waxnagis (Crd.) mTel ares lomis stilizebuli gamosaxuleba avsebs. kapitelis zurgis mxareze ostaturad Sesrulebuli farSevangis reliefuri gamosaxulebaa. svetis mTavari waxnagis zedapiri ramdenime sworkuTxa aredaa dayofili, romlebzec orfiguriani kompoziciebia ganTavsebuli. reliefuri scenebi ornamentuli CarCoebiTaa SemosazRvruli. svetis zeda nawilSi, RmrTismSoblis reliefuri xatis qveS, naTlisRebis scenaa, mis qvemoT _ or areze frontalurad mdgomi or-ori figuraa. gverdiT waxnagebs qarTuli qvajvarebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mcenareuli motivebi amkobs: samxreTis waxnagze urTierTTan Sepirispirebuli palmetebis zolia vertikalurad gaSlili. meore waxnagis (Crd.) ornamentic ar aris ucxo qarTuli qvasvetebisaTvis _ sammagi lilvebis gadaxlarTviT Sedgenili wreebi, romlebSic rvafurcla vardulebia Casmuli. dmanisis qvajvaras reliefuri dekoris ikonografiuli programa sagangebo yuradRebas imsaxurebs. reliefuri dekoris sakmaod kargi daculoba saSualebas iZleva vimsjeloT ara mxolod reliefuri programis ideologiur principebze, aramed dekoris mxatvrul-stilur Taviseburebebze. dmanisis svetis ideuri programis arsis wvdomisaTvis saWiroa TiToeuli kompoziciis sagangebod ganxilva da maTi gaazreba qvasvetis erTiani ikonografiuli sqemis konteqstSi. qvajvaraTa reliefuri programebi, rogorc wesi, Rrmad gaazrebul Teologiur ideas efuZneba. imis gaTvaliswinebiT, rom qvajvarebis reliefur kompoziciebSi gamoyenebulia vertikaluri ierarqiis principi da azrobrivad yvelaze mniSvnelovani Temebi zeda registrSia ganlagebuli, daviwyeb kapitelis safasado mxareze warmodgenili mTavari TemiT _ RmrTismSoblis reliefuri xatiT. RmrTismSobeli yrmiT (nax. 111; tab. 91, 11). adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli qvasvetebis reliefebma dedaRvTisas ara erTi reliefuri saxe Semogvinaxa. aRsaydrebuli RmrTismSoblis Tema svetebis dekoratiul programebSia CarTuli, sadac mas gansakuTrebuli mxatvrul-azrobrivi datvirTva eniWeba. taxtze dabrZanebuli yrmiani RmrTismSobeli qarTlis ara erT qvasvetzea gamosaxuli (xandisi, bolnisi, brdaZori, mamula) [maCabeli k., 2001, tab. 56, 60]. dmanisis reliefi RmrTismSoblis ikonografiuli tipis Tavisebur interpretacias gvTavazobs. qvasvetis kapitelis mTavar wagnagze RmrTismSobeli sazeimo ieratuli saxiTaa warmodgenili. aRsaydrebuli yrmiani RmrTismSoblis figura mTlianad avsebs kapitelis ares. misi Tavi kapitelis zeda CarCos ebjineba, rac optikurad zrdis mis zomas. RmrTismSobeli mkacrad frontaluria. igi uzurgo taxtze, zustad simetriis RerZzea dabrZanebuli. zedapiris damuSavebis sibrtyobriv-dekoratiuli xasiaTi am reliefuri saxis mxatvrul Taviseburebas ganapirobebs. formebi Seqmnilia parelelur reliefur xazTa naxatis Taviseburi sistemiT. es mTavari principi, romelic plastikuri formebis dematerializacias da sibrtyobriv sqemaze maT dayvanas gulisxmobs, ucnaur mimarTebaSia msubuqad gamovlenil sivrcobriv momentebTan. Tu yuradRebiT davakvirdebiT RmrTismSoblis reliefur saxes, erTgvar kanonzomierebas SevniSnavT: qvemodan zemoT msubuqad matulobs plastikuri formebis moculobis gamovlenis cda. maforiumiT moburuli RmrTismSoblis saxe mTeli kompoziciis azro_ 56 _ brivi da kompoziciuri centria. mrgvali farTo saxe, didi, farTod gaxelili Tvalebi, romlebic pirdapir mayurebels umzeren, kompoziciis yvelaze reliefuri, moculobiTi nawilia. im dros, rodesac reliefis mTeli zedapiri reliefur xazTa ornamentuli «badiTaa» dafaruli, RmrTismSoblis saxe, Tavisi gluvi, daunawevrebeli «moculobiT», kompoziciis mniSvnelovan plastikur aqcents qmnis. Tavi fonidan odnav amoweuli brtyeli formaa, Taviseburad aRniSnuli saxis nakvTebiT. Tavis `moculobis~ gamovlenas emsaxureba Tavze mosxmuli maforiumis kalTa, romlis waxnagovani konturi miuyveba Tavis formas da erTgvar «sivrces» qmnis mis garSemo. fonidan odnav amoziduli maforiumis reliefuri siluetiT warmoqmnil daCrdilul fonze mkafiod gamoikveTeba RmrTismSoblis saxis daunawevrebuli formebi. niSandoblivia, rom am reliefze qriste da RmrTismSobeli uSaravandod arian gamosaxulni da maforiumis wriuli forma, romelic Tavis moxazulobas miuyveba, Tavisi reliefuri waxnagovani naxatiT TiTqos Saravandis funqciasac asrulebs. maforiumis qveS mkafiodaa aRniSnuli RmrTismSoblis Tavsakravi, romelsac Subls zemoT qvis sisqeSi amokveTili patara tolmklava jvari amkobs. qarTuli qvajvarebis reliefur programebSi CarTuli RmrTismSoblis cnobili saxeebisgan gansxvavebiT, dmanur reliefze yrma qriste RmrTismSobels muxlebze ki ar uzis, aramed kalTaSi uwevs mas. ucnauria qristes poza _ wels zemoT misi sxeuli zustad RmrTismSoblis mkerdis win, centrSia moTavsebuli, fexebi ki dedis muxlebze marcxnivaa gaSlili. marcxena xeli sakmaod gaurkvevlad welTan aqvs gamosaxuli (misi moxazuloba ikargeba mosasxamis nakecebSi), marjvena ki _ mkerdTanaa mitanili. uCveuloa qristes Tavis profilSi gamosaxva. misi Tavi marcxniv, sxeulis mimarTulebiTaa mibrunebuli. RmrTismSoblis marjvena xeli iesos mxars exeba, garkveviTaa gamosaxuli xelis mtevani, TiTebis moxazuloba TiTqos yrmis qitonis nakecTa naxatSia CarTuli, marcxena xeli ki mas yrmis muxlze udevs. RmrTismSoblis es bunebrivi, dedobrivi Jesti pirobiTadaa gadmocemuli, aRniSnulia mxolod xelis mtevnebi, sakuTriv xelebis forma sruliad ignorirebulia. maforiumis paraleluri nakecebis sqematuri, sxeulis formebTan daukavSirebeli naxati figuris mxolod zogad moxazulobas mianiSnebs. reliefis sibrtyobriv-pirobiTi xasiaTi ar gamoricxavs moqandakis kargad gaazrebul koncefcias. amgvari stiluri midgomis farglebSi kompizicias zustad gaTvlili struqturuli sqema udevs safuZvlad. igi simetriis principiTaa agebuli _ RmrTismSoblis figura centralur RerZzea ganTavsebuli. ucnaurad Cans simetriis warmosaxviTi RerZze moTavsebuli iesos fasSi warmodgenili Tvali saxis profilSi gamosaxvasTan mimarTebaSi. profilisa da fasis amgvari SeTavseba, sruliad ucxo qarTuli reliefebisaTvis, am SemTxvevaSi gansakuTrebul efeqts axdens: ostati erTi mxriv, TiTqos cdilobs dedis kalTaSi Cvilis bunebrivi pozis gadmocemas, meore mxriv ki ver ugulebelyofs iesos mayurebelTan kontaqtis aucileblobas, masTan mzeriT Sexvedras. amas emateba saxis profiluri mdgomareobis dros ara mxolod Tvalis, aramed piris pirdapir Cveneba (Sead. piris moxazuloba qvasvetis sxva personaJebTan). amasTanave, iesos Tvalis damuSaveba zustad analogiuria svetis sxva personaJebis Tvalebis gadmocemisa. es aris didi nuSisebri moculoba SuaSi amokveTili wrexaziT, romlis centri CaCxvletili wertiliTaa aRniSnuli. warbis xazi naCvenebia odnav amoweuli formiT da zustad miniSnebuli waxngovani moxazulobiT. iesos amgvar uCveulo gamosaxvas qvemoT kidev davubrundebiT. kompoziciis mkacri simetriulobis pirobebSi ostati cdilobs garkveuli detalebis _ 57 _ bunebrivad Cvenebas, magram es survili TiTqos konfliqtSi Sedis reliefis saerTo ukiduresad pirobiT metyvelebasTan. aseTi detalia RmrTismSoblis maforiumis asimetriuli forma _ misi kalTa marjvnidan Semouyveba saxis ovals da marcxena mxarzea gadafenili (Sead. am detalis mkacrad simetriuli gadmocema xandisis, bolnisis, brdaZoris qvasvetebze). mTel rig TaviseburebebTan erTad, RmrTismSoblis figuris gadmocemaSi Tavs iCens mxatvruli xerxebi, romlebic avlens am reliefis siaxloves VI saukunis dasasrulis qvasvetebis analogiur reliefur saxeebTan. mxedvelobaSi maqvs mkacrad gawonasworebuli frontaluri kompozicia, figuris agebis zustad gaTvlili sqema: igi TiTqos sami, daaxlovebiT erTi zomis nawilisgan Sedgeba: qveda nawili _ muxlebs qvemoT, Semdeg _ sakuTriv sxeuli, mxrebis CaTvliT, da yvelaze mniSvnelovani da metyveli _ dedaRvTisas Tavi (RmrTismSoblis figuris agebis amgvari proporciuli principi gvxvdeba xandisis da bolnisis qvasvetebze). analogiuria RmrTismSoblis kabis kalTisa da fexebis gadmocemis xerxi. sammagi wvrili lilviT Semoxazuli damaxasiaTebeli formis abrisi da mis SigniT maforiumis kalTis nakecTa gadmocema urTierTgadamkveTi paraleluri diagonaluri xazebis naxatiT, romlebic erTmaneTze gadasuli kalTebis sruliad pirobiT sqemas qmnis. zustad amgvaria RmrTismSoblis figuris damuSaveba zemoxsenebul qvasvetebze, romelTagan dmanuri reliefi mxolod Sida naxatiT gansxvavdeba. RmrTismSoblis maforiumis qoba reliefuri wreebis zoliTaa Semkuli. dmanisis qvasvetze RmrTismSobeli uSaravandodaa gamosaxuli. dedaRvTisas amgvari gamosaxva ar aris iSviaTi adreuli Sua saukuneebis xelovnebis nawarmoebebSi da gvxvdeba rogorc saqarTveloSi, aseve bizantiuri da siriul-palestinuri xelovnebis qmnilebebSi. sakmarisia davasaxeloT RmrTismSoblis reliefuri saxeebi davaTis qvasvetze [maCabeli k., 1989, 34-47], bizantiur (konstantinopolur) da siria-palestinur spilos Zvlis reliefebze (ix. diptiqebi berlinisa da britaneTis muzeumebSi [Weitzmann K., 1979, 529, n.474, 532, n.476]. yvela zemoaRniSnuli reliefi zustad VI saukuniT TariRdeba, rac gamoricxavs zogierTi mkvlevris mier dmanisis qvasvetis ufro adreuli epoqiT daTariRebis cdas mxolod imis safuZvelze, rom dedaRvTisa uSaravandodaa gamosaxuli, rac TiTqos nawarmoebis siZveleze unda miuTiTebdes. uSaravendodaa gamosaxuli RmrTismSobeli VI-VII ss. koptur qvis reliefebzec [Effenberger A., 1974, tab. 44,45]. koptur xelovnebasTan qarTuli reliefebis mimarTeba gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs. es sakiTxi swored dmanisis svetTan dakavSirebiT gansakuTrebul aqtualobas iZens. RmrTismSoblis maforiumis nakecebiT orive mxridan SemosazRvruli iesos sxeuli, rogorc wiaRSi, isea Cawerili misTvis gankuTvnil areSi. aseTi ganlagebiT igi TiTqos damatebiT moculobas iZens. damaxasiaTebelia yrma iesos Tavis gadmocema: saxis profilSi gamosaxvas Tan erTvis Tmis damuSavebis Taviseburi xerxi. Subls zemoT reliefuri xaziT SemosazRvruli Tmis masa paraleluri reliefuri xazebis rigiTaa Seqmnili. zustad asea damuSavebuli Tma am qvasvetis sxva personaJebTan, oRondac isini frontalurad arian gamosaxulni. iesos saxis gadmocemaSi ki sakmaod ucnauradaa SeTavsebuli saxis profilSi, Tmis ki fasSi gamosaxva. am svetis reliefebis damaxasiaTebeli niSania agreTve yuris gamosaxvis Taviseburi xerxi _ safeTqlis doneze, Tmis masis zRvarze. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas ipyrobs yrma iesos poza. qvasvetis reliefuri gamosaxulebebis ostaturi kompoziciuri ganTavseba, saerTo programis gaazrebuli mxatvruli da ideuri gadawyveta gamoricxavs qvasvetze raime detalis SemTxveviTobas, miTumetesad, _ 58 _ rodesac saqme exeba reliefebis Teologiuri programis mTavar wminda saxeebs. amis gamo aucilebeli gaxda RmrTismSoblis kalTaSi iesos erTgvarad gaugebari pozisTvis axsnis monaxva. bizantiur nawarmoebebSi analogiuri sqemis ararsebobis gamo mivmarTe koptur reliefebs, romelTa siaxlove qarTul plastikasTan araerTxel aRminiSnavs Cveni reliefebis zogierT mxatvrul da kompoziciur TaviseburebebTan dakavSirebiT. am SemTxvevaSi Cemi yuradReba miipyro koptur reliefebze RmrTismSoblis gavrcelebulma tipma _ galaqtotrofusam, romelic ucxoa bizantiuri xelovnebisaTvis da mxolod egviptel qristianebTan gvxvdeba. dedaRvTisas es ikonografiuli tipi, romelsac mkvlevrebi isidas uZveles adgilobriv kults ukavSireben, warmoadgens aRsaydrebul RmrTismSobels, romelic ZuZus awovebs mis muxlebze mokalaTebul Cvil iesos [Bolman E.S., 2005, 13-23]. galaqtotrofusas saxeliT cnobili RmrTismSoblis es ikonografiuli tipi VI-VII saukuneebis koptur reliefebsa da freskebze gvxvdeba (ix. kirqvis reliefi faiumidan. kairos muzeumi, VIIs.; wm. ieremias monastris kapelis niSis mxatvroba, VIIs. saqara; e.w. «siriul monastris» moxatuloba) [Effenberger A., 1974, tab. 44,45; Vassilaki M., 2005, il. 2.1, 2.2]. gamoTqmulia mosazreba, rom koptur xelovnebaSi RmrTismSoblis ikonografia egvipturi ZirebiT ikvebeba da Seesabameba Teotokosis koptur aRqmas, rac qristes ormagi bunebis aRiarebas gulisxmobs [Effenberger A., 1974, 214]. adreul koptur konteqstSi galaqtotrofusa erTmniSvnelovnad evqaristiis metaforad ikiTxeba, qriste dedis rZes Seiwovs, rogorc RmrTis Logos-s [Bolman E.S., 2005, 19]. Tu gaviTvaliswinebT V-VI saukuneebis saqarTvelos intensiur sagareo kulturul urTierTobebs mis garemomcvel qristianul samyarosTan, qarTuli kulturis centrebis arsebobas wminda miwaze, egvipteSi, kviprosze, sinaze da sxv., ar SeiZleba gamoiricxos qarTvel saeklesio moRvaweTa kontaqtebi koptur samyarosTan. es sakiTxi uTuod damatebiT kvlevas saWiroebs, radganac mosazreba koptebTan qarTvelebis kavSirebis Sesaxeb literaturul wyaroebze dayrdnobiT jer kidev gasuli saukunis dasawyisSi iyo gamoTqmuli oskar fon lemis mier [Lemm von O., 1906] da SemdegSi ganmeorebuli Zveli qarTuli literaturis istoriisadmi miZRvnil korneli kekeliZis naSromSi [kekeliZe k., 1980, 49-50]. mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom qarTvelebisa da koptebis zogadi kulturuli urTierTobebi dasturdeba ierusalimSi, sadac qarTvelebs sakuTari monastrebi hqondaT da sadac koptebis moRvaweobacaa dadasturebuli. amas garda, es urTierTobebi SesaZloa sakuTriv egvipteSic, `koptur kulturul samyaroSi~ arsebuliyo. Tu ki amgvari kavSirebi literaturuli monacemebiT dasturdeba, amas SeiZleba daematos adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli reliefebis is mxatvruli da ikonografiuli niSnebic, romlebic gasagebi xdeba swored kopturi plastikis Zeglebis gaTvaliswinebiT. dmanisis reliefze Cans ostatis cda erTmaneTTan SeaTanxmos qvasvetebis analogiuri kompoziciebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli mkacri frontaloba da simetria (RmrTismSoblisa da qristes Tavebis ganlageba simetriis RerZze, qristes Tavis mdebareoba kompoziciis diagonalebis gadakveTaze da sxv.) misTvis ucxo galaqtotrofusas tipis RmrTismSoblis kompoziciur detalebTan (iesos poza dedis kalTaSi, profilisa da fasis SeTavseba). amgvari midgoma savsebiT bunebrivia im epoqisaTvis, rodesac yalibdeboda qristianuli ikonografia, rodesac qarTli _ aRmosavlurqristianuli samyaros ganuyofeli nawili _ aqtiurad iyo CarTuli qristianuli kulturis ganviTarebis globalur procesSi da sxva marTlmadideblur qveynebTan erTad monawileobda qristianuli ikonografiis CamoyalibebaSi. ar aris gamoricxuli, rom RmrTismSoblis am reliefuri xatis ikonografiuli Tavisebure_ 59 _ bebi garkveuli ideuri mosazrebebiT iyo nakarnaxevi. reliefuri kompoziciebis am kuTxiT ganxilvisaTvis ki damatebiTi masalis moxmobaa aucilebeli.. RmrTismSoblis reliefuri xatis mTavari mxatvruli saSualebaa xazi, mTeli zedapiri kargad gaTvlil paralelur xazTa ornamentul naxats efuZneba da am Tavisebur dekoratiul qargaSi ostati axerxebs mayureblis Tvalis SeCerebas RmrTismSoblisa da iesos xelis mtevnebze, romelTa ganlageba am SemTxvevaSi simbolur JReradobas iZens. reliefur kompoziciaSi gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs uzurgo taxti, romelsac analogi ar moepoveba qarTuli qvasvetebis reliefur kompoziciebSi. erTi SexedviT, taxtis forma TiTqos xalxur yofaSi gavrcelebuli xis dabali skamis variaciaa _ oTxi paraleluri lilviT gadmocemuli horizontaluri nawili da mrgval detalze dayrdnobili ormagi wvrili svetebis formiT gamosaxuli fexebi. RmrTismSobeli, Cveulebisamebr, muTaqazea dabrZanebuli. muTaqa amgvar kompozicebSi, rogorc wesi, simetriulad Cans figuris orive mxares. dmanur reliefze zedxedSi gamosaxuli, palmis rtos ornamentiT Semkuli muTaqa mkafiod moCans mxolod RmrTismSoblis marjvena mxares. marcxena mxares ki mxolod muTaqis moxazulobaa (uornamentod), romelzec iesos fexebia ganlagebuli. muTaqis analogiur gadmocemas (zedxedSi), amave formiTa da palmis rtos sqematuri ornamentiT vxedavT koptur freskaze saqaris monastridan (VII saukunis I nax.) [Кондаков Н. П., 1914, 256, nax. 159]. am SemTxvevaSic taxtis muTaqis ornamentuli motivi konkretuli simboluri datvirTvis matarebelia. maradmwvane palma marTalTa emblemad moiazreboda. `marTali �� viTarca finiki aRyuavnes da viTarca naZvi libanisai ganmravldes~ _ vkiTxulobT fsalmunSi (fsal. 91,12). qristianebTan palma `sicocxlis xesTan~, maradiuli cxovrebis wyarosTan asocirdeboda. palma samoTxis sinonimadac aRiqmeboda, rac dasturdeba qristes didebis absidur kompoziciebSi palmis xeebis gamosaxvis praqtikiT (mag. kviprosze panagia kanakarias mozaika, VI s.) [Grabar A., 1955, 310]. palmis xis reliefebi amkobs sinaze wm. ekaterines monastris taZris fasadsac [Sinai, 1999, il.10]. palmis xis motivi sapatio adgils ikavebs qarTuli qvajvarebis svetebis mcanareul ornamentebSi (ix. qvajvarebi bolnisidan, brdaZoridan, sadac palmis rtos motivi mTlianad faravs svetis waxnags) [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab. I, II, XIX, XXIV]. taxtis orive mxares simetriulad frinvelis ori protomia amoziduli. amayad moRerebuli kisrisa da Zlieri niskartis mixedviT es uTuod arwivis gamosaxuleba, an sasanuri faskunjis motivis gadamRereba unda iyos (qarTuli xalxuri xis avejisTvis amgvari nawilebi uCveuloa). frinvelis kisris forma mSvenivradaa gamokveTili aqeT-iqiT simetriulad mimarTuli, kisris formis Sesabamisi paraleluri reliefuri rkalebis rigiT, romlebic zustad gadmoscems frinvelis mkerdsa da kisers. taxtis ucnauri, qarTuli reliefebisaTvis uCveulo forma mraval kiTxvas badebs. RmrTismSoblis analogiuri kompoziciebi qvajvaraTa reliefebze zurgiani taxtis garkveul tips warmogvidgens, romlis nimuSebs vxvdebiT palestinuri ampulebis analogiur scenebSi [Grabar A., 1958, tab. I,VIII]. taxtis amgvari konstruqcia reliefis Seqmnis mxatvruli impulsebis garkvevaSi gvexmareba. uzurgo taxtis horizontalurad gaSlili martivi forma, ornamentuli muTaqa da zoomorfuli motivis TvalsaCino roli taxtis saerTo struqturaSi _ yvela es niSani iranul kulturul wreze migvaniSnebs. dmanuri reliefis taxtis forma garkveulad ex_ 60 _ mianeba sasanuri iranis xelovnebis sxvadasxva dargis Zeglebze (kldis reliefebi, torevtika, qsovilebi) sazeimo scenebSi gamosaxul iranis mbrZanebelTa taxtis formebs. saqme exeba ara formebis zust gadmoRebas, ara mibaZvas, aramed garkveul `variaciebs~ iranuli samefo taxtis `Temaze~. sakmarisia mivmarToT nebismier sasanur `oficialur~ reliefs, rom cxadi gaxdes, rom RmrTismSoblis taxtis Seqmnisas dmanisis reliefis avtoris STagonebis wyaro swored iranuli oficialuri xelovnebis nimuSebi iyo. amis sailustraciod sul ramdenime magaliTis dasaxelebac kmara: kldis reliefi tang-i sarvakSi (“iranis ufliswuli sarecelze vasalebTan erTad~, III s.), romelzec horizontalurad gaSlili martivi uzurgo sarecelia warmodgenili profilSi Tavmibrunebuli arwivebis frontaluri skulpturuli gamosaxulebebiT; vercxlis Tasi sasaniani mefis gamosaxulebiT uzurgo taxtze, romlis fexebi aseve profilSi Tavmibrunebuli arwivis skulpturebia (VI-VII ss. baltimoris muzeumi); sasanuri oqros Tasi centrSi mTis brolis kompoziciiT _ SahinSahi xosro I taxtze, romlis fexebi `frTosani oTxfexa arsebebia~ (VI s.). [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 54, 203, 304, sur. 67, 242, 401]. RmrTismSoblis taxtis formasTan dakavSirebiT uTuod saintereso iqneba iranuli xelovnebis kidev erTi Zeglis gaTvaliswineba, romelic dmanuris analogiurad gadmoscems sasanuri samefo taxtis tradiciul formas. mxedvelobaSi maqvs baqtrianas sasaniani mmarTvelis, iraneli princis kldeSi nakveTi gamosaxuleba doxtar-i noSirvanis kldovan masivSi (VI_VII ss.). taxtze dabrZanebuli sasaniani ufliswulis monumenturi gamosaxuleba zustad imeorebs mTis brolze gamokveTil xosro I-is saxes oqros Tasze parizis Cabinet de Medailles–Si [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 318, sur. 427]. sasaniani ufliswulis samefo taxti realurad ar aris gamosaxuli, magram mis arsebobaze miuTiTebs cxovelis ori protomi, simetriulad gaSlili figuris orive mxares. am SemTxvevaSi cxovelTa apotropuli skulpturuli gamosaxulebebi taxtis Cveulebrivi nawilebi ki ar aris, aramed pirobiTi miniSnebaa sazeimo taxtze, romelzec princia dabrZanebuli. amgvari midgoma zustad Seesabameba dmanuri reliefis ostatis pozicias. damafiqrebelia iranis gavlenebis aRmosavlur sazRvarTan arsebuli baqtrianas mxatvruli nawarmoebisa da iranis gavlenis sferoSi myofi qarTveli moqandakis qmnilebas Soris garkveuli Sexebis wertilebi, radgan es magaliTebi gviCvenebs sasanuri iranis kulturis Zlieri gavlenis kvals adreuli Sua saukuneebis sxvadasxva xalxis xelovnebaSi, iranuli elementebis originalur interpretacias sxvadasxva geografiul arealSi. qvasvetis kapitelis RmrTismSoblis gamosaxulebiani safasado mxare sxva waxnagebisagan gamoirCeva ara mxolod Tematurad, aramed Tavisi mxatvruli metyvelebiT, reliefis zedapiris ostaturi xazovan-dekoratiuli gaazrebiT. garkveuli wesiT ganlagebuli xazovani reliefuri sistema kompoziciis harmoniul erTianobas emsaxureba. scenis simetriuloba msubuqi Sinagani dinamikiTaa gacocxlebuli (maforiumis Semoburva, muTaqis marjvena da marcxena nawilebis asimetriuloba, iesos saxis profilSi gamosaxva). am xazovan ritmSi organuladaa CarTuli kapitelis `karnizis~ xazovani rkaluri ornamenti. kapitelis oTxi waxnagis gansxvavebuli mxatvruli xasiaTi, maT Tematur nairgvarobasTan erTad, ostatis utyuar mxatvrul alRosa da Teologiur ganswavlulobas efuZneba. wyviladi kompozicia (nax. 112; tab. 92, 13). RmrTismSoblis gamosaxulebiani kapitelis waxnagis momijnave are mTlianad saero samoselSi gamowyobili ori mamakacis gamosaxulebas ukavia. erTnairia mamakacTa gamosaxvis sqema, isini warmodgenilni arian frontalurad, erTnairi JestebiT. orives idayvSi moxrili marcxena xeli gaSlili mtevnebi mker_ 61 _ dTan aqvs mitanili, idayvSi moxril da zeaRmarTul marjvenaSi erTs jvari ukavia, meores ki imave JestiT _ SroSanisebri yvavili. figurebi daaxlovebiT erTi simaRlisaa, magram ostaturadaa Seqmnili marjvena figuris masStabis upiratesobis STabeWdileba: misi Tavi CarCos zeda lilvs ebjineba da kidec kveTs mas, meore figuris Tavi ki ver aRwevs zeda CarCos; marjvena figuris ganze gadgmuli fexis wverebi qveda CarCozea ganTavsebuli, maSin, rodesac meore figuris erTmaneTTan mWidrod mijrili fexebi qveda CarComde ar aRwevs. kapitelis safasado kompoziciasTan SedarebiT, romlis mxatvruli gamomsaxveloba paralelur xazTa dekoratiul naxats efuZneba, gverdiTi waxnagis orfiguriani reliefi sruliad gluvi zedapirebiT, didi sibrtyeebiT metyvelebs. amasTanave, am ori reliefuri kompoziciis diametralurad gansxvavebuli dekoratiuli midgomis miuxedavad, maTi plastikuri principi savsebiT identuria. orive SemTxvevaSi formebi dabali reliefiTaa gadmocemuli, mTavari principia sxeulis erTiani, daunawevrebeli mTliani moculobis warmoCena. erTnairia figuraTa saxeebis gadmocema: mrgvali, farTo saxe, didi, farTod gaxelili Tvalebi, reliefurad aRniSnuli warbis moxazuloba, mrgvali qudis msgavsi moculobiT Sublze dabla Camosuli Tmis masa (marjvena mamakacTan sruliad gluvi, SesaZloa, raRac Tavsaburavis CvenebiT, marcxenasTan _ CakveTili xazebiT damuSavebuli). plastikurad msubuqad gamoZerwili loyebi da patara bageebi CamoSvebuli kuTxeebiT am qvasvetis saxeTa damuSavebis tipuri nimuSia. angariSgasawevia is garemoeba, rom orive mamakacs gansxvavebuli saxis saero kostiumi mosavs. cxadia, rom samoselSi maTi socialuri statusia asaxuli. Sua saukuneebis qarTuli kostiumis istoria zogad xazebSi sakmaod garkveulia, gamonakliss adreuli Sua saukuneebis samoseli warmoadgens, Tumca bolo dros am epoqis reliefebis axali nimuSebis aRmoCenam saero kostiumis istoriisaTvis mniSvnelovani masala SegvZina. marjvena mamakacis samoseli ornawiliania, SigniT mas mosavs `uWrelo~ qsovilis grZeli, koWebamde, saxeloebiani `qveiTi~ kaba, romelic mTlianad faravs sxeuls (mis qveS mxolod terfebi moCans). reliefze kargad ganirCeva welze msubuqad momdgari kabis Targi. kabis zemodan mamakacs mosxmuli aqvs mosasxami, romelic marcxena mxarze unda yofiliyo damagrebuli. reliefze mkafiod Cans lilviT Semowerili mosasxamis forma. figuris zurgs ukan mosasxamis kalTa damatebiT sibrtyes qmnis, romlis moxazulobac aseve Txeli lilviTaa aRniSnuli. orive xelze grZeli saxeloebis majebi moCans. samosis gadmocemis amgvari xerxis wyalobiT sibrtyobriv kompoziciaSi erTgvari `sivrcobrivi~ momentia Setanili (Sead. marcxena xelis gadmocema mosasxamis kalTebs Soris). ganzogadebul da Zalze pirobiT reliefSi bevri sagulisxmo detali SeiniSneba, rac am adreuli epoqis qarTuli tansacmlis rekonstruqciis saSualebas iZleva. mamakacs zeaRmarTul marjvena xelSi sada jvari upyria, odnav dagrZelebuli vertikaluri mklaviT. am kostiumTan dakavSirebiT uTuod unda gavixsenoT samwevrisis reliefur filaze jvris Tayvaniscemis scenaSi gamosaxuli saero personaJis Cacmuloba (Vs. bolo–VIs. Inax.), romlis arsis gasarkvevad mniSvnelovani aRmoCnda adreuli xanis bizantiuri samefo karis Cacmulobis TaviseburebaTa gaTvaliswineba [maCabeli k., 2002, 159-164]. bizantiuri xelovnebis Zeglebma mravlad Semogvinaxa imperatorTa da didebulTa gamosaxulebebi, romlebSic zustad aris gadmocemuli bizantiuri samefo Sesamoslis mTeli brwyinvaleba da mravalferovneba. am kostiumis warmosadgenad mxolod ravenis san-vita_ 62 _ les taZris mozaikaze iustinianesa da Teodoras jgufuri portrebia sakmarisi. bizantiur kostiums imis gamo mivmarTav, rom Sua saukuneebis sxvadasxva etapze mas garkveuli zegavlena hqonda qarTul Cacmulobaze. bizantiuri tansacmlis sxvadasxva saxeobaTa Soris unda davasaxelo Zalze gavrcelebuli _ grZelsaxeloebiani tunika _ tunica laticlavia da mosasxami _ palium. bizantiis samefo kari sxvadasxva qveynis mmarTvelebisadmi Tavisi keTilganwyobis niSnad, sxvadasxva mdidar saCuqrebTan erTad sazeimo tansacmelsac ugzavnida. saqarTveloSi bizantiuri modis SemoWra ukve V_VI saukuneebSi aRiniSneba. es iyo bizantiuri modis gavrcelebis pirveli talRa, romlis Sesaxeb SeiZleba vimsjeloT bizantieli mwerlebis cnobebis safuZvelze. am TvalsazrisiT aRsaniSnavia bizantieli istorikosis agaTias Txzuleba, romelSic konstantinopolidan lazikis mefisaTvis samefo niSnebis gagzavnis ambavia moTxrobili [yauxCiSvili s., 1963, 84]. saqarTveloSi bizantiuri samoxeleo da `sapativo~ samoseli bizantiur oficialur titulebTan erTad (magistrosi, vipatosi, patrikiosi, kurapalati) Semodioda. iv. javaxiSvili qarTuli kostiumisadmi miZRvnil gamokvlevaSi aRniSnavs, rom `yovelTvis, rodesac bizantiis mefe saqarTvelos mTavars an TviT saqarTvelos mefesac ama Tu im `pativs~ mianiWebda, igi TviTeul maTgans amasTanave `sapativo~ samoselsac da samkaulsac ugzavnida xolme~ [javaxiSvili iv., 1962, 28]. saqarTvelosa da bizantias Soris amgvari kavSirebi saukuneTa ganmavlobaSi arsebobda da adreul qarTul qvasvetebze warmodgenili saero Cacmulobis Taviseburebebi gviCvenebs, rom am process dasabami ukve adreul Sua saukuneebSi mieca. dmanisis qvasvetis erT-erTi mamakacis Cacmuloba swored bizantiur istoriul kostiumTan mimarTebaSi unda ganixilebodes. meore mamakacis Cacmuloba gansxvavebuli xasiaTisaa. es aris adreuli Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi gavrcelebuli mxedris Cveulebrivi samoseli, qulajis msgavsi, muxlebs qvemoT Camosuli, gverdebze CaWrili, welTan qamriT gadaWerili (miniSnebulia qamris balTa) kaba morkaluli qobiT. welidan qvemoT eSveba paraleluri simetriuli xazebi _ nakerebi. qulajis WrilSi moCans muxlebi da fexebze Semotmasnili viwro Sarvali, romlis qveda nawili quslebs faravs. samoslis zeda nawili ar aris dazustebuli, igi gadmocemulia zogadi brtyeli zedapiriT, ganirCeva mxolod yelze momdgari mrgvali wvrili lilvi da grZeli saxeloebis majebi. mamakacs zeaRmarTul xelSi SroSanisebri yvavili ukavia, zustad iseTive formis, rogoric gvxvdeba adreul qarTul reliefur `portretebze~ (Sead. qarTvel didebulTa portretuli reliefuri saxeebi qvajvaraTa svetebis waxnagebze samwevrisis, dmanisis, brdaZoris, bolnisis, baliWis svetebze) [Чубинашвили Н. Г., 1982, tab. 26, 70, 37]. yvavili _ insignia, sasanuri iranidan warmomavali motivi, romlis mniSvneloba kargad iyo cnobili saqarTveloSi jer kidev winaqristianul xanaSi, farTod gavrcelda saqarTvelos feodalur sazogadoebaSi [Мачабели К. Г., 1976, 112-114]. yvavili saero personaJis xelSi mis gamorCeul socialur statuss aRniSnavda. es ornamentul-simboluri motivi, romelic sxva aRmosavlur elementebTan erTad iranuli samyarodan Semovida, adgilobriv tradiciebTan asimilirda da Sua saukuneebis sawyis etapze gansakuTrebuli mniSvneloba SeiZina. amis dasturia adreul qristianul reliefebze qarTuli feodaluri wodebis ara erTi warmomadgenlis gamosaxuleba yvaviliT zeaweul marjvena xelSi. amgvarad, dmanuri reliefis es mWevrmetyveli detali imaze metyvalebs, rom svetis kapitelze warmodgenili erT-erTi pirovneba qarTlis feodaluri sazogadoebis maRali wris warmomadgenelia. _ 63 _ feodalTa _ aznaurTa wodebisadmi mis mikuTvnebas isic adasturebs, rom misi samoseli warCinebulTa Soris miRebuli Targisaa. amgvarad, marcxena mamakacis Cacmulobis Targi gvxvdeba adreuli qarTuli reliefebis saero personaJebze. am saxis qarTuli kostiumis xasiaTis gasarkvevad kvlav unda mivmarToT sasanur irans, romlis vercxlis langrebze sparseTis mefeTa gamosaxulebebi mxedruli Cacmulobis saintereso nimuSebs Seicavs. aseTia muxlebamde Camosuli, welTan Seviwroebuli `qulaja~ CaWrili gverdebiT, mxrebidan gulmkerdze Camosuli `portupeis~ msgavsi sartylebiT. qamridan Camodis xmlisa Tu xanjlis dasakidebeli tyavis zolebi (vercxlis langari baltimoris muzeumidan taxtze dabrZanebuli mefisa da mocekvaveTa gamosaxulebiT, VI_VII ss.; xosro I-is _ 531-578 ww. vercxlis Tasi ermitaJSi, samefo taxtis gverdebze mdgomi didebulebiT, xosro I-is oqros Tasi mTis brolis reliefiT, luvrSi; xosro II-is _ 590-628 ww. vercxlis Tasi nadirobis sceniT) [Ghirshmann R., 1962, sur. 241, 244, 245]. amgvari qulajis qsovili elastiuria, igi Txel nakecebad ekvris sxeuls. xandaxan `qulaja~ sarCuliani iyo da aseT SemTxvavaSi nakecebi mZime da farToa. aseTi Targis samoseli kargad iyo morgebuli axlo aRmosavleTis xalxTa mxedrul cxovrebas, igi ar zRudavda moZraobas, ar uSlida meomars cxenze amxedrebas. sruliad bunebrivia, rom saqarTveloSi fexi moikida amgvarma mxedrulma kostiumma, romelsac bevri aqvs saerTo iranul mxedrul da samefo karis CacmulobasTan. iranidan warmomavali es mxedruli kostiumi dasavlur xelovnebaSic gavrcelda. swored aseTi kostiumiT arian Semosilni adrebizantiur da adreqristianul xelovnebaSi aRmosavleTis mogvebi, romlebic beTlemSi mividnen yrma iesos Tayvansacemad. am scenebSi kargad Cans iranuli warmoSobis `qulajis~ damaxasiaTebeli Targi, gverdiTi vertikaluri WrilebiT. kostiumis amgvari saxeoba gvxvdeba VI_VII saukuneebis qarTuli qvasvetebis reliefur kompoziciebSi (bolnisi, dmanisi, brdaZori, baliWi). es kostiumebi erTi tipisaa, oRondac erTmaneTisgan gansxvavdeba calkeuli detalebiT, ornamentuli samkauliT, qsovilis xarisxiT. yvela SemTxvevaSi es aris welTan Seviwroebuli (an welTan gadaWrili), gverdebze Caxsnili `kaba~, momSvildulad moxazuli qobiT. iranuli (parTuli, sasanuri) kostiumis garkveuli gavlenebi qarTul Cacmulobaze dReisaTvis savsebiT naTelia. adreqristianul qarTul reliefebze gamosaxuli saero personaJebis Cacmuloba, detalebsa da samkaulebSi garkveuli sxvaobis miuxedavad, erTgvarovnebas avlens. mcxeTis jvris aRmSenebelTa kostiumebis ganxilvisas g. CubinaSvilma maTi daxasiaTebisaTvis gamoiyena termini `zogadkavkasiuri~, rac zustad asaxavs am kostiumis gavrcelebis geografiul areals. adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli qvasvetebis reliefur portretebze Cven vxedavT am `zogadkavkasiuri~ an `axloaRmosavluri~ kostiumis sxvadasxva variaciebs, rac uTuod gamosaxul pirovnebaTa gansxvavebul socialur statusze metyvelebs. kostiumebis niuansebi (samoslis Targi, misi silueti, qsovilis xasiaTi, tansacmlis samkauli da sxva) reliefebze gamosaxuli qarTveli warCinebulebis wodebriv mdgomareobis anareklia, radgan feodalur sazogadoebaSi mkacrad iyo reglamentirebuli sxvadasxva socialuri fenis Cacma-daxurvis wesi. dmanur qvasvetze am saero piris kostiumi zustad Seesabameba VI_VII saukuneebis qarTul reliefebze asaxul Cacmulobas. misi Targi da saerTo xasiaTi axloa qarTvel feodalTa CacmulobasTan bolnisisa da dmanisis raionebidan warmomavali qvasvetebis relie_ 64 _ febze. amasTanave, dmanisis qvasvetis mamakacis Cacmuloba zemoCamoTvlili kostiumebis im nimuSebs miekuTvneba, romlebic sisadaviTa da samkaulebis ararsebobiT gamoirCeva. aseTebia bolnisis raionSi aRmoCenili sami qvasvetis fragmentebze, dmanisis raionis soflebidan (demirbulaxi, baSkiCeTi) warmomaval relifebze gamosaxuli mamakacebisa da brdaZoris qvasvetis saero pirTa Cacmuloba. dmanuri qvasvetis kapitelze gamosaxuli marcxena mamakacis kostiumi zust analogiebs hpovebs swored dmanisis raionidan warmomavali qvasvetebis saero pirebis CacmulobasTan. es uTuod damafiqrebelia, radgan adrefeodaluri qarTlis am regionis feodaluri samoslis garkveul tradiciaze migvaniSnebs. aseTi daskvnis gakeTebis uflebas gvaZlevs is garemoeba, rom bolnisis zemoxsenebul reliefebze gamosaxul kostiumebTan siaxlovesTan erTad, dmanuri kostiumi maTgan Targis detalebiTa da samkaulis xasiaTiT gansxvavdeba. qvajvaraTa reliefuri programebis ara erTi nimuSis Seswavlam dagvarwmuna, rom qvasvetis zedapirze yovel figurul gamosaxulebasa Tu ornaments zustad gansazRvruli adgili hqonda miCenili. waxnagebis mniSvnelovanebisa da registrebis arsidan gamomdinare, mudam daculi iyo `vertikaluri ierarqiis~ kanoni. wminda istoriis movlenebis qronologiuri rigiT ganTavsebis garda, ostati iTvaliswinebda registrebis mixedviT gamosaxulebebis ganawilebis principebs. qvajvaras damagvirgvinebeli skulpturuli jvris Semdeg saerTo kompoziciaSi yvelaze mniSvnelovani svetis kapiteli iyo, romelzec yvelaze mniSvnelovani, zeciur samyarosTan dakavSirebuli wminda saxeebi da movlenebi gamoisaxeboda (ix. qristes amaRlebis kompoziciebi xandisis, brdaZoris, naRvarevis da sxva qvajvarebis kapitelebze, dedaRvTisas sulis amaRlebis Tema brdaZoris kapitelze). samwuxarod, qvajvaraTa umetesoba Cvenamde sakmaod fragmentuladaa moRweuli da amitom Znelia farTo ganzogadebebis gakeTeba. dmanisis qvasveti am mxrivac imsaxurebs yuradRebas, radgan igi warmogvidgens mTlian kompozicias, sadac umaRles, zeciur zonaSi, kapitelze, yrmiani RmrTismSoblis reliefuri xatia. kapitelze gamosaxuli personaJebi uTuod erTi feodaluri sagvareulos warmomadgenlebia (amis magaliTebi qarTul qvajvaraTa svetebze ukve cnobilia, ix. kataulas qvasvetis `jgufuri~ portreti). isini diferencirebulni arian rogorc zomiT, aseve CacmulobiTa da atributebiT. RmrTismSoblis xatis mimdebare waxnagze maT ganlagebaSi garkveuli gradacia Cans. safasado mxares uSualod zomiT gamorCeuli jvriani mamakaci emijneba. bizantiur oficialur kostiumTan daaxloebuli samosiT mosili, igi socialurad ufro gamorCeuli unda iyos. jvari mis xelSi sxvadasxvagvarad SeiZleba iyos interpretirebuli: erTi mxriv, Tu gaviTvaliswinebT VI-VII saukuneebis koptur samarxis stelebze micvalebulTa gamosaxulebebs jvrebiT xelSi [Effenberger A., 1974, tab. 36], SesaZloa, jvari am pirovnebis gardacvalebaze miuTiTebdes. meore mxriv, SeiZleba davuSvaT, rom jvriT xelSi gamosaxva sagvareulos ufrosis qristianuli rwmenisadmi erTgulebaze miuTiTebs. arsebobs kidev erTi daSvebis SesaZlebloba _ xom ar aris es qvajvaras aRmmarTveli didebulis Tanamosaxele wmindanis gamosaxuleba. Cveni codnis da informirebulebis dRevandeli done ufro zusti identificirebis saSualebas ar gvaZlevs. yvavili-insignia `kavkasiuri~ kostiumiT Semosili mamakacis xelSi ki uTuod mis garkveul samoxeleo Rirsebas unda aRniSnavdes (gavixsenoT, rom adrebizantiur xanaSi, magaliTad, iustinianes dros, samefo karis Tanamdebobis pirebs maTi samoslis TargiTa da feriT _ 65 _ gamoarCevdnen). SesaZloa, rom es ori mamakaci erTi sagvareulos ori Taobis warmomadgenelia da ostatma amgvarad gamoxata maTi adgili socialur ierarqiaSi, an ojaxSi. kapitelis waxnagze RmrTismSoblis xatis gverdiT saero pirTa gamosaxva uTuod garkveul kiTxvebs badebs. rogor moxvda qarTlis didebulTa `portretebi~ qvasvetis am gansakuTrebul, `zeciur~ zonaSi? am kiTxvaze pasuxis gasacemad SegviZlia movixmoT brdaZoris qvasveti, romlis umaRles registrSi, yrmiani RmrTismSoblis gverdiT gamosaxulia donatori, qarTlis didebuli, romelic xeliT RmrTismSoblis Tavs exeba. adreqristianul kompoziciaTa Soris, romlebic Tayvansacem salocav wmida saxesa da donatorTa gamosaxulebebs Seicavs, unda gavixsenoT parencos (poreCis) bazilikis centraluri absidis mozaika (VI s.) sadac RmrTismSoblis gverdiT ktitorebia gamosaxuli [Прелог М., 1959]; dimitri solunelis eklesiis mozaika TesalonikSi, sadac RmrTismSobelTan erTad SemkveTis ojaxia warmodgenili da sxv. Tanadroul qarTul Zeglebs Soris sakmarisia, gavixsenoT mcxeTis jvris taZris aRm. fasadis reliefuri kompozicia, sadac ktitorebi qristesa da wmindanebTan erTad arian gamosaxulni. rogorc Cans, brdaZoris qvasveti donatorisa da RmrTismSoblis unikaluri sceniT da dmanisis qvasvetis kapitelis waxnagze ktitorTa portretebi unda ganvixiloT, rogorc erovnuli mxatvruli Semoqmedebis nayofi, romelic adreuli qristianuli xelovnebis mowinave nakadTan Tanxvedrilad viTardeboda da epoqis xelovnebis avangardSi arsebul tendenciebsa da movlenebs iTvaliswinebda. gavbedav wyviladi portretis fonze amokveTil asomTavrul warwerasTan (`dRea~) dakavSirebiT mokrZalebuli mosazrebis gamoTqmas. saxarebasa da agiografiul TxzulebebSi `dRei~ gamoiyeneba drois, Jamis, xanis mniSvnelobiT (“dReTa herode mefisaTa~, maTe, 2,1; `ese iyo dReTa anastasi kaTalikozisa~, wamebai wmidisa daviTisa, IX-X ss.). Tu gaviTvaliswinebT qvajvaraTa salocav-memoriul, Sesawirav mniSvnelobas, maT aRmarTvas qarTlis didebulTa WeSmarit sarwmunoebasTan ziarebis, qristianobis ganmtkicebis aRsaniSnavad, SesaZloa, es warwera miviCnioT dRegrZelobisa da maradiuli cxovrebis imedis Tavisebur formulad. amas unda daematos mezobel waxnagze farSevangis gamosaxulebis simboluri konteqstic (ix. qvemoT), romelic amagrebs aRniSnul mosazrebas. farSevangi (nax. 122; tab. 102, 15). wyviladi `portretis~ momijnave kapitelis waxnagze (zurgis mxares) farSevangis reliefuri gamosaxuleba mTlianad avsebs kvadratTan miaxloebul kapitelis ares. profilSi gamosaxuli farSevangi diagonaluradaa mimarTuli _ Tavi marcxena zeda kuTxesTanaa misuli, lamazad dakecili kudi ki qveda marjvena kuTxes ebjineba. farSevangis gamosaxuleba bunebrivi formebis zusti da metyveli gadmocemiT gamoirCeva. reliefis zedapiri dekoratiul-ornamentuladaa gadawyvetili. farSevangis silueti metyveli da plastikuria, moZraoba Tavisufali, fexebis ganlageba _ sivrcobrivi. reliefuri zedapiri kapitelis sibrtyis donezea, gamosaxuleba Seqmnilia fonis dadablebiT frinvelis siluetis garSemo. sruli sibrtyobriobis miuxedavad, siluetis sizuste da gamomsaxveloba, formebis sagangebo ornamentuli damuSaveba farSevangis am saxes qvasvetis sxva Zalze pirobiTi da stilizebuli figuruli gamosaxulebebisagan gamoarCevs. frinvelis mkerdis damaxasiaTebeli forma natif paralelur xazTa Taviseburi sistemiTaa Seqmnili: lilviTaa Semowerili frTis ori nawilisagan Sedgenili stilizebuli nuSisebri moxazuloba. frTis ori nawili gansxvavebuli ornamentuli naxatiTaa Sevsebuli: zeda nawili _ kovziseburi elementebis sami mwkriviT, bumbulebi ki wvrili _ 66 _ lilvebis naxatiT. kudis mZime, farTo masa, romelSic damaxasiaTebeli `Tvalebia~ CarTuli, aseTive msubuqi xazebis ritmiTaa gacocxlebuli. vidre farSevangis am saxis mxatvrul Taviseburebebs Sevexebode, unda aRvniSno gamosaxulebis simboluri mniSvneloba. am frinvelis feradovnebam da uCveulo garegnobam adreve miipyro yuradReba. warmarTuli epoqidan moyolebuli, igi ukvdavebis simbolod moiazreboda. antikur samyaroSi farSevangis kudis Tavisebur naxats varskvlavTa naTebas adarebdnen da amis gamo igi iunonas (cisa da varskvlavebis qalRmerTis) frinvelad iyo aRiarebuli. farSevangi Tan axlda romis imperatorebis meuRleebs maTi sulebis asamaRleblad iunonas samefoSi. misi gaSlili kudis mrgvali forma ukvdavebasa da maradiulobaze warmodgenasTan iyo dakavSirebuli. farSevangi amitomac ase xSirad gamoisaxeboda sarkofagebsa da ritualur WurWelze. es frinveli dawvrilebiT aris aRwerili pliniusis `bunebis istoriaSi~, sadac avtori sagangebod Cerdeba misi garegnobis esTetikur Rirsebebze da TvalismomWreli feradovnebis gaSlil kuds mzis naTels adarebs [Уваров А.С.,1908, 199-202]. winaqristianul saqarTveloSi farSevangis gamosaxuleba gvxvdeba saritualo WurWelze, vercxlis pateraze armazisxevidan [mcxeTa, I, 1955, 75-77; Мачабели К. Г., 1976, 112-114]. qristianul xelovnebaSi farSevangi aRdgomis simbolod iyo miCneuli. igi xSirad gamoisaxeboda im simboloebTan erTad, romlebic samoTxesTan iyo dakavSirebuli. farSevangi gvxvdeba samarxeul Zeglebze da am SemTxvavaSi misi simboluri mniSvneloba savsebiT Seesatyviseba aRdgomis formulas. samTavroSi 1938 wels gaxsnil samarxSi aRmoCnda minis fiala, romlis fskeri farSevangis amokawruli gamosaxulebiTaa Semkuli. WurWeli ax. w. IV saukuniTaa daTariRebuli. farSevangia gamosaxuli agreTve samTavros erT-erT qvayuTSi aRmoCenil qvaze, romelic ax. w. IV-VI saukuneebs miekuTvneba [ugreliZe n., 1951, 301-314, sur.1]. saqarTvelos adreqristianul reliefebze farSevangis gamosaxuleba gvxvdeba bolnisis sionis sanaTlavSi samxreTis pilastris kapitelze. ori farSevangi simetriuladaa ganlagebuli centrSi gamosaxuli jvris gverdebze, reliefurad gamokveTili frontonis qveS. g. CubinaSvili bolnisis sionisadmi miZRvnil gamokvlevaSi yuradRebas uTmobs am reliefur kompozicias da aRniSnavs, rom igi, uTuod, aRebulia raRac mza nimuSidan da gamoyenebulia kapitelis SemkulobaSi mis struqturul principTan da kapitelis formasTan SeuTavseblad. amave dros, mkvlevari miiCnevs, rom farSevangis, rogorc aRdgomisa da maradiuli sicocxlis simbolos mniSvneloba savsebiT Seesabameba mis gamoyenebas sanaTlavis Sesamkobad [Чубинашвили Г. Н., 1940, 160]. bolnisis sionis am reliefur saxeebTan dakavSirebiT mkvlevari aRniSnavs: `farSevangebi – es sayovelTao gasagebi ukvdavebisa da aRdgomis simboloa pirvandel qristianobaSi~ [CubinaSvili g., 1936, 42]. dmanisis qvasvetis kapitelis waxnagze gamosaxuli farSevangis reliefuri saxe ramdenime TaviseburebiT gamoirCeva: samsxiviani qoCori farSevangis Tavze, kiserTan gamosaxuli bafTa, romelic misi realuri formis gauTvaliswinebladaa gamosaxuli (bafTa frinvels kiserze unda hqondes Semoxveuli, rogorc es sasanuri xelovnebis Zeglebze gvxvdeba. es detali, rogorc Cans, qarTveli ostatisTvis gaugebari darCa). SeiZleba iTqvas, rom dmanuri qvasvetis reliefur gamosaxulebaTa Soris farSevangis reliefuri saxe yvelaze ostaturad da mxatvrulad gaazrebuladaa gamosaxuli. iqmneba STabeWdileba, rom ostati morCilad ki ar imeorebda mis xelT arsebul raRac nimuSs, _ 67 _ aramed Tavisuflad qmnida misTvis kargad cnobili frinvelis reliefur gamosaxulebas. igi TiTqos uTavsebda qvasvetis reliefebis saerTo pirobiT-sibrtyobriv midgomas am gasaocari frinvelis momxiblavi garegnobis gadmocemis survils. bolnisis sionis kapitelis reliefTan SedarebiT, dmanisis qvasvetis farSevangis saxe gacilebiT ufro daxvewil ostatobas avlens. es SeiZleba imdenad sakuTriv mxatvrul dones ki ar gulisxmobdes, aramed Tvisobrivad axal midgomas, rodesac am svetis reliefTa saerTo pirobiT-sibrtyobriv xasiaTTan erTad, moqandake reliefTa garkveul nawilSi (am SemTxvevaSi farSevangis gamosaxulebaSi) cdilobs Seitanos plastikuri metyvelebis ufro dawinaurebuli xerxebi. im dros, rodesac bolnisis farSevangebi romeliRac plastikuri nimuSis pirobiT, sqematur transkrifcias gvTavazobs (es frinvelebi mxolod maTi atributebiT _ damaxasiaTebeli qoCori, `Tvalebiani~ kudi _ SeiZleba vicnoT), dmanisis ostati am egzotikuri frinvelis plastikurad Zalze gamomsaxvel saxes qmnis. aseTi gansxvaveba uTuod dmanuri reliefis Sesrulebis SedarebiT mogviano xanaze miuTiTebs. farSevangebis reliefuri gamosaxulebebi gvxvdeba dmanisis raionis eklesiebis kedlebSi Catanebuli Zveli qvajvarebis fragmentebze. bolnuri kapitelis analogiuri wyviladi farSevangebis gamosaxuleba safexurian bazaze aRmarTul, medalionSi Casmuli tolmklava jvris gverdebze Semonaxulia dmanisis raionSi e.w. `wiTeli saydris~ (kizilkilisa) aRm. kedelSi, sarkmlis Tavze CaSenebul wiTeli tufis qvaze, romelic qvajvaras bazas unda warmoadgendes [jafariZe v., 1982, tab. XXXI, VIII,1]. reliefi Zalze dazianebulia, magram SesaZlebelia reliefuri gamosaxulebis zogierTi detalis garCeva, romlebic axloa Cveni svetis farSevangis reliefTan. pirvel rigSi aRsaniSnavia erTnairi qvis masala _ wiTeli tufi, saerToa reliefis stiluri niSnebi, frinvelis xasiaTis gadmocemis ostatoba, frinvelis sxeulis reliefuri formebis Taviseburebani. dmanisis raionSive, saTxis eklesiis ekvteris aRm. kedlis fasadSi CaSenebulia wiTeli tufis jvris baza, romlis reliefur kompoziciaSi ostaturad aris CarTuli ori farSevangis simetriuli dekoratiuli gamosaxuleba, organulad Serwymuli sasanuri samyarodan momdinare frTebis simetriul motivTan. qarTvelma ostatma am SemTxvevaSi simbolur-ornamentuli metyvelebis iSviaTi unari gamoamJRavna da originaluri reliefuri kompozituri saxe Seqmna. dmanuri qvasvetis garda, analogiur sakulto Zeglze farSevangis gamosaxvis kidev erTi magaliTia moyviTalo kirqvis tradiciuli qvasveti bolnisis sionidan (s. janaSias sax. saqarTvelos saxelmwifo muzeumi, n. 207) [javaxiSvili g., 1998, tab.I]. romlis sami mxare mcenareuli ornamentiTaa dafaruli (aRm. mxares palmis rtos vertikaluri motivi, samx. da Crd. waxnagebze tradiciuli akanTis foTlis plastikuri ornamenti), safasado mxares ki ornamentul kompoziciaSi farSevangis reliefuri saxea CarTuli. qvasveti sagangebod Seswavlili ar aris, magram ornamentuli motivebis repertuarisa da plastikuri damuSavebis Taviseburebebis gaTvaliswinebiT, igi savaraudod, VI-VII saukuneebiT unda ganisazRvros. bolnur qvasvetze farSevangs svetis waxnagis zedapiris didi nawili ukavia, rac ornamentul programaSi mis mniSvnelobaze metyvelebs. reliefis zedapiri sakmaod dazianebulia, magram farSevangis gamosaxulebis darCenili nawilebi moqandakis gawafulobaze metyvelebs. frinveli ostaturadaa Cawerili vertikalur sworkuTxa areSi. misi sxeuli aqac diagonaluradaa mimarTuli _ frinveli dgas kompoziciis marjvena qveda kuTxeSi gamosaxul sakmaod did vardulze. misi moculobiTi reliefuri sxeuli _ 68 _ centrSia ganTavsebuli, dakecili mZime kudi qveda CarComde eSveba da misi `Tvalebiani~ zedapiri Seesatyviseba vardulis ornamentul damuSavebas. samnawiliani qoCriT damSvenebuli farSevangis Tavi zeda marjvena kuTxeSia ganlagebuli igi TiTqmis CarCos ebjineba, misi niskarti vertikalur CarCos exeba. yelze Sebmuli `samefo~ bafTa horizontalurad iSleba da samfurcla yvavilis formas iRebs. am SemTxvevaSic saqme gvaqvs gavrcelebuli iranuli atributis ganmeorebasTan, rodesac mxatvrisTvis nacnobia am detalis simboluri mniSvneloba, rogorc RvTaebrivi uflebisa da Rirsebis niSnisa, magram gaugebaria am atributis realuri forma da misi gamoyenebis xerxi. qarTveli ostatisTvis am SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs Seerwya sasanur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli Zalauflebis aRmniSvneli ori simbolo _ wminda bafTa da feodaluri pativis aRmniSvneli, aRmosavluri warsulidan momdinare yvavilis motivi. farSevangis gamosaxuleba bolnur qvasvetze svetis saerTo dekoratiuli programis konteqstSi unda moiazrebodes (palmis motivi _ samoTxisa da siwmindis niSani da plastikurad kargad naZerwi foTlovani ornamenti _ sicocxlis xis gansaxiereba). bolnisisa da dmanisis qvasvetebis farSevangebis gamosaxulebebi, sxva simbolur motivebTan erTad, imis naTeli ilustraciaa, Tu rogor iTvisebda qarTuli qristianuli xelovneba Temebsa da saxeebs garemomcveli samyarodan, rogor `irgebda~ Soreuli warsulidn momdinare simbolur motivebs, rogor iyenebda xalxis cnobierebaSi SemorCenil xatovan metyvelebas. farSevangis dmanur gamosaxulebasTan dakavSirebiT qarTul masalasTan erTad uTuod mniSvnelovania sasanur Zeglebze Semonaxuli reliefuri saxeebi, romlebic saintereso informacias gvawvdis ara marto am reliefuri Temis mxatvruli gadawyvetis, aramed misi simboluri mniSvnelobis Sesaxebac. unda iTqvas, rom iranuli masala garkveul gasaRebs gvaZlevs adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTuli plastikis ukeT gasagebad, im mxatvruli wris mosaniSnad, romelSic viTardeboda qarTuli reliefis xelovneba. farSevangis Tema xSiria sxvadasxva qveynis adreul qristianul nawarmoebebSi, mas vxvdebiT egviptis qristianul Zeglebze (egvipturi xelnaweri Acts of the Apostles, niu-iorki, Pierpont Morgan-is koleqcia, Vs. dasawyisi [Weitzmann K., 1979, n.444, 494]. farasis bazilikis absidis frizis reliefi, VIIs. [Mierzejewska B., 2005, 18, il. 12]) da axlo aRmosavleTis qristianul nawarmoebebze (reliefi marmarilos kapitelze liviis qalaq el-merjis lapidariumSi, V-VI ss.) [Ward-Perkins J.B., and Goodchild R.G., 2003, 263, il. 210]. sasanur iranSi mravladaa Semonaxuli Stukis reliefebi, kvadratuli filebi cxovelTa da frinvelTa saxeebiT. maT Soris vxvdebiT farSevangis reliefur gamosaxulebebsac. yuradRebas imsaxurebs reliefuri fila qtezifonidan, romelzec profilSi warmodgenili farSevangi ornamentul medalionSia Casmuli (VIs. berlinis muzeumi) [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 201, sur. 240]. Tumca stilisturad es sasanuri reliefi gansxvavdeba qarTulisagan, magram sxvadasxva mxatvruli midgomis pirobebSi orive maTgans axasiaTebs frinvelis bunebis gadmocemis Tavisufleba, misi xasiaTis Cvenebis unari. farSevangi, sxva zoomorful saxeebTan erTad, saxelganTqmuli sasanuri qsovilebis dekoris erT-erTi gavrcelebuli motivia. amitomac aris, rom igi amkobs ara mxolod sakuTriv qsovilebs, aramed aRbeWdilia mravalricxovan sasanur reliefebze. maT Soris aRsaniSnavia tak-i bostanis kldis reliefebi samefo nadirobis sceniT (V-VI ss.), sadac mefis samoselze kargad Cans saxiani qsovilis naxatSi CarTuli farSevangis gamosaxulebebi [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 227, sur. 270]. dmanuri reliefis zedapiris damuSaveba axloa sasanur reliefebsa da qsovilebze _ 69 _ frinvelTa an fantastiur arsebaTa (frTosani lomi _ senmuvri an simurgi) frTebis damuSavebis konkretul mxatvrul xerxebTan [Ghirshmann R., 1962, sur. 271-276]. gansakuTrebiT TvalsaCinoa siaxlove frTosani simurgis reliefebTan, sadac frTa gadmocemulia zustad imgvarad, rogorc Cven reliefze: ornamentuli lilviT Semoxazuli frTis zeda nawili Sevsebulia martivi geometriuli naxatiT _ texili xazebis wyebiT, rombebiT da sxv. bumbulebi ki gadmocemulia frTis moxazulobis Sesatyvisi paraleluri xazebis mwkriviT. farSevangis gamosaxuleba gvxvdeba agreTve sasanuri torevtikis nimuSebze. erT-erTi maTgania vercxlis langari mazendaranidan oTxi musikosis gamosaxulebiT (VIs.) [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 216, nax. 257]. langris fskerze gamosaxuli farSevangis naxevarmTvaris formis qoCori da yelze Sebmuli gafrialebuli wminda bafTa frinvelis simbolur gaazrebaze mianiSnebs. erT-erT sasanur vercxlis WurWelze frinvelis analogiur gamosaxulebasTan dakavSirebiT v. lukonini gamoTqvams mosazrebas, rom es aris xoxobi (aseTive `samefo~ bafTiTa da niskartSi yelsabamiT), romelic keTilismyofel RvTaebas ganasaxierebda [Луконин В. Г., 1977, 197]. sasanur zoomorful simboloTa Soris frinvelebis (farSevangi, xoxobi, fantastikuri frTosani arseba _ grifoni) gamosaxvis tradicia Tavisi ZirebiT dakavSirebulia iranis uZveles epikur legendebTan, romelTa mixedviT es frTosani arsebebi keTilismyofeli RvTaebebis gansaxierebebia. tradiciis mixedviT, fantastikuri arseba simurgi drakonisa da farSevangis Taviseburi simbiozia [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 219]. farSevangis TemasTan dakavSirebiT erTi saintereso garemoebaa gasaTvaliswinebeli: arsebobs cnoba, rom iranis Sahma xosro I-ma (531-578 ww.) antioqiis aRebis Semdeg qtezifonis maxloblad aago qalaqi _ `xosros axali antioqia~, siriuli antioqiis zusti asli. amasTan dakavSirebiT iranSi Camoiyvanes sirieli ostatebi, risi wyalobiTac kidev erTxel moxda am qveynis xelovnebaSi sxva qveynis xelovnebis elementebis SemoWra [Ghirshmann R., 1962, 200]. farSevangis gamosaxulebis moTavseba qvasvetis kapitelze, anu ierarqiulad yvelaze mniSvnelovan zonaSi, sadac RmrTismSoblis xatia ganTavsebuli, uTuod am simboluri Temis mniSvnelovanebiT unda aixsnas. adreqristianul simbolikaSi am Temis zemoaRniSnuli datvirTvis gaTvaliswinebiT, misi sapatio adgili qvasvetis ikonografiul programaSi sruliad logikuria. amasTan dakavSirebiT kvlav unda moviyvano zemoxsenebuli bolnuri qvasveti, sadac farSevangi ikonografiuli programis erTaderTi da mTavari saxviTi elementia da amdenad, mas didi azrobrivi datvirTva aqvs. amas unda daematos isic, rom frinvels aqvs iseTi mniSvnelovani atributi, rogoricaa sasanur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli uzenaesobis aRmniSvneli samefo bafTa, rac farSevangis simbolur mniSvnelobas damatebiT Rirsebas sZens. kapitelis saerTo reliefuri programis organul nawilad farSevangis gamosaxulebis aRqmisaTvis aucilebelia imis gaTvaliswinebac, rom igi mimarTulia mis momijnave waxnagze gamosaxul mamakacTa wyvilisken, riTac maTTan garkveul mimarTebaSi moiazreba. farSevangis am reliefis WeSmariti arsi ufro gasagebia kapitelis yvela waxnagis reliefuri saxeebis erToblivi gaazrebiT, risTvisac aucilebelia misi meoTxe waxnagis reliefis _ lomis mxatvrul-azrobrivi mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswineba. lomi (nax. 121; tab. 101, 14). qvajvarebze _ sulieri da socialuri datvirTvis mqone sakulto Zeglebze, reliefuri dekoris yoveli detali zustadaa gansazRvruli. es exeba ara marto bibliuri istoriis Temebsa da wminda personaJebs, aramed zoomorful saxee_ 70 _ bsa da TviT ornamentul motivebsac ki, romlebsac, qvasvetis dekoratiuli programidan gamomdinare, yovelTvis garkveuli semantikuri qveteqsti axlavs. kapitelis meoTxe (Crd.) waxnagze, romelic RmrTismSoblis xats emijneba, lomis gamosaxulebaa moTavsebuli. lomis reliefuri saxe qvasvetis kapitelze misi mniSvnelovanebiTaa gapirobebuli. Tu mxedvelobaSi ar miviRebT am Temis udides popularobas Zvel aRmosavleTSi, unda aRiniSnos, rom Sua saukuneebis xelovnebam lomis simboluri Tema iudevelTa samyarodan miiRo. ukve bibliaSi vxvdebiT cnobebs lomebis gamosaxvis Sesaxeb: `xorSTa maT warsavalTasa lomissaxeni da kuroni da qerobinni da zeda maT garemosavalTa maT agreTva saxed da zed lomTa maT da kuroTa~ (III mefeTa, 7, 29), ` ... da xorSTa misTa qerobinni da lomni..~ (III mefeTa, 7, 36). iudevelebi, iseve, rogorc Zveli aRmosavleTis xalxebi, lomebs Zlier da mtkice darajebad da mcvelebad miiCnevdnen. lomi Zveli aRmosavleTisa da egeosis kulturaTa religiur warmodgenebsa da miTologiaSi mzes ukavSirdeboda (xvadi lomis oqrosferi fafari mzis sxivebTan iyo gaigivebuli). wina aziis RvTaeba iStari dakavSirebuli iyo mzesTan da, Sesabamisad, lomi mis cxovelad moiazreboda. winaaziuri RvTaebebi kavkasiaSi adgilobrivi msoflmxedvelobisa da rwmenis Sesabamisad gardaiqmnebodnen. wina aziis samiwaTmoqmedo kulturebSi `mzis cxoveli”_ lomi Tan axlda mTavari RvTaebis, `didi dedis~ gamosaxulebebs, rac mzisa da `didi dedis~ kultebis Serwymaze migvaniSnebs [kikviZe i., 1988, 273]. uZvelesi kultebi ukvalod ar qreboda. droTa ganmavlobaSi xdeboda maTi transformacia, axal religiasTan Segueba. axali kulti iTvisebda Zvelis elementebs da amiT ganamtkicebda Tavis poziciebs, xdeboda tradiciulisa da axlis erT sistemaSi gadayvana. am gziT xdeboda qristianobis mier uZveles simboloTa axleburi gaazreba da axali SinaarsiT maTi gamoyeneba axali kultis miznebisaTvis. adreqristianul TeologiaSi gavrcelebuli iyo qristes gaigiveba lomTan. amis saTaveebi ukve bibiliaSi moiZieba (“lekvi lomis iuda, mcenarisagan, Svilo Cemo, aRmohxed. miwoliT daiZino, viTarca lomman da viTarca lekuman lomisaman, vinme aRadginos igi~ – dabad. 49, 9). netari Teodorite (Vs.) qristes loms adarebs, romelic mZinarec ki SiSsa da Zrwolas iwvevs yvelaSi. qristiani fiziologebi cxovelTa mefis im Tvisebebze mianiSnebdnen, romlebic uflebs aZlevT analogiebi gaavlon qristesa da loms Soris. sxvaTa Soris asaxeleben erTdroulad Zilisa da fxizlobis unars, ramac saTave daudo `macxovris _ `fxizeli Tvalis~ Temis Seqmnas [Уваров А. С., 1910, 137]. swored amgvari gzebiT moxvda lomis Tema qristianul xelovnebaSi, romelmac igi misi rTuli semantikuri mniSvnelobis gaTvaliswinebiT gamoiyena. lomebis gamosaxulebiani erT-erTi uZvelesi qristianuli nawarmia IV saukunis minis WurWeli oqroTi Semkuli fskeriT (ierusalimi. israelis muzeumi) [Barag D., 1972, n.347, 380-381]. amgvari nivTebi romis katakombebSia aRmoCenili. lomis dacviTi funqcia, romelic Zveli aRmosavleTis xelovnebidan momdinareobs, gadmodis qristianul xanaSi da Taviseburad ganagrZnobs arsebobas. lomis gamosaxulebebs vxvdebiT Zvel qristianul samarxebze, sarkofagebze, sadac maT mcvelTa funqcia eniWebodaT. pirveli qristianebic lomebs Zlier da uSiSar darajebad miiCnevdnen. arsebobs mosazreba, rom qristianobam TiTqos miiviwya lomis uZvelesi simboluri mniSvnelobebi da miiRo mxolod iudeaSi gavrcelebuli maTi dacviTi funqcia [Уваров А. С., 1908, 204-220]. lomis gamosaxuleba zog SemTxvevaSi RvTaeba miTras inkarnaciad iyo miCneuli [Луконин В. Г., 1977, 175]. Sevecdebi dmanisis qvasvetis reliefu_ 71 _ ri programis saerTo analizis safuZvelze avxsna, rom am konkretul SemTxvevaSi lomis gamosaxulebis CarTva reliefur programaSi am uZvelesi simboluri Temis siRrmivi arsis moSveliebiT moxda. qarTuli qristianuli xelovnebis Zeglebze lomebis yvelaze adreuli gamosaxulebebi bolnisis sionSia Semonaxuli (sakurTxevlis absidis pilastris kapiteli cxovelebis reliefuri saxeebiT) [Чубинашвили Г. Н., 1940, 155-158, tab.I]. am SemTxvevaSi Cven saqme gvaqvs saintereso movlenasTan _ qristianuli taZris yvelaze gamosaCen da mniSvnelovan adgilas winaqristianuli xanis xalxuri rwmenis gansaxierebaTa gamosaxvasTan. cxadia, rom es ar iyo axlo aRmosavleTis xalxebTan, konkretulad, iranul samyaroSi esoden popularuli zoomorfuli Temis mxolod garegnuli, zedapiruli ganmeoreba. bolnisis sionis skulpturul dekorSi winaqristianuli mxatvrul-simboluri Tema gamoyenebulia misi uZvelesi mniSvnelobis codnaze dayrdnobiT. am SemTxvevaSi erTmaneTs Seerwya iudeur da mazdeanur samyaroSi gavrcelebuli lomis _ mcvelisa da Zlieri qomagis _ Temis erTnairi interpretacia. cxadia, rom qarTveli ostatisTvis kargad iyo cnobili lomis gamosaxulebis simboluri arsi da man es Tema sruliad Segnebulad da gaazrebulad CarTo qristianuli taZris reliefur dekorSi. dmanisis qvasvetis kapitelze profilSi gamosaxuli lomis figura mTlianad avsebs waxnagis zedapirs. misi dinamikuri moZraoba kapitelis safasado mxarisken, RmrTismSoblis xatiskenaa mimarTuli. horizontalurad gaSlili lomis sxeulis zomasTan SedarebiT xazgasmulad didia misi fafriani Tavi, romelic kompoziciis azrobriv centrs qmnis. loms Tavi moZraobis sawinaaRmdego mimarTulebiT mkveTrad aqvs mobrunebuli. TavdacvisaTvis mzadmyof, mbrdRvinav cxovels, daRebuli xaxidan ena aqvs gadmogdebuli, kbilebi sagangebodaa miniSnebuli (asea gamosaxuli antioqe I komagenes samarxis mcveli lomi nimrud daRSi, Zv.w. Is.) [Ghirshmann R., 1962, sur.18]. lomis TaTebis pozicia (ukana TaTebi niadags uyrdnoba, wina TaTebi haerSia gamosaxuli) mZafr, dinamikur moZraobas gadmoscems. lomis kudi gavis moxazulobas Semowers da misi palmetisebri bolo, ukana TaTebs Soris gamotarebuli, sxeulze moCans, rac am sruliad sibrtyobriv gamosaxulebaSi TiTqos planebis arsebobaze miuTiTebs. qarTveli ostati Taviseburad gamosaxavs lomis damaxasiaTebel formebs. sxeuli brtyeli aplikaciis msgavsadaa gadmocemuli. lomis fafari originaluradaa gadmocemuli: Tavisa da kisris gamyof xazze `sayelos~ msgavsad Semovlebuli paraleluri rkalebis zoliT da dekoratiulad gadmocemuli, maraosebr gaSlili eqvsi frTismagvari elementiT. sainteresoa, rom fafris ori nawilis amgvar gansxvavebul gadmocemaSi sxvadasxva tradiciis gavlenebi iCens Tavs. ornamentuli `sayelos~ Soreul winaprad SeiZleba miviCnioT iranul samyarosTan dakavSirebul oqros peqtoralze (zivie, Zv.w. VIIs.) lomebisa da e.w. `skviTuri avazas~ reliefis ornamenti, romelic cxovelis yels Semoxazavs [Луконин В. Г., 1977, il. 48]. am peqtoralis reliefur dekorSi imdeni xalxis Semoqmedebis nazavi iCens Tavs (asureTi, urartu, siria, finikia), rom uneburad ismis kiTxva Zveli samyaros am rTulsa da umdidres kulturaSi qarTvelTa winaprebis rolis Sesaxeb. sakmarisia, gadavxedoT peqtoralze gamosaxul fantastikur arsebaTa gadmocemis Taviseburebebs, rom gasagebi gaxdes qarTuli xelovnebis Zeglebze ara erTi ornamentuli motivis warmoSobis saTaveebi. Tu ki lomis ornamentuli `sayelo~ axlo aRmosavleTis mxatvruli tradiciebis Taviseburi gamoZaxilia, paraleluri reliefuri rkalebis wyebiT damuSavebuli fafris `frTiseburi~ nawilis dekoratiuli _ 72 _ gadawyvetis uaxloesi paralelebia VI-VII ss. qarTul qvajvarebze uflis amaRlebis kompoziciebSi angelozTa frTebis ornamentuli damuSaveba (xandisis, davaTis, brdaZoris, didi gomareTis qvasvetebi). dmanisis lomis reliefuri saxis mxatvrul efeqts qmnis cxovelis stilizebuli formebis gadmocemaSi gamoyenebuli kontrastuli dapirispireba sxeulisa da Tavis sibrtyobriv xasiaTsa da dekoratiulad damuSavebul fafris ornamentul zedapirs Soris. sibrtyobrivi reliefis gluvi zedapiri gacocxlebulia fafris urTierTsapirispiro mimarTulebiT `mbrunav~ nawilebze Suq-Crdilis ostaturi TamaSiT. kapitelis momijnave waxnagebze gamosaxuli farSevangi da lomi principulad erTnair kompoziciur midgomas avlens. plastikuri xerxebis gamoyenebaSic garkveuli kanonzomiereba SeiniSneba: Tu farSevangis gamosaxulebiani waxnagis mTavari mxatvruli xerxi zedapiris faqizi xazobriv-dekoratiuli damuSavebaa, lomis reliefi moqmedebs gluvi zedapirebis sibrtyobrivi gamomsaxvelobiT, romelsac fafris ornamentuli damuSaveba specifikur mxatvrul saxes aniWebs. orive SemTxvevaSi SesaniSnavadaa gamoyenebuli Temis Tavisebureba da am momijnave waxnagebis gansxvavebuli plastikuri metyveleba ostatis daxvewil gamovnebasa da mxatvruli xerxebis mravalferovnebaze metyvelebs. lomis gamosaxuleba dmanur qvajvaraze xalxis istoriul mexsierebaSi Semonaxuli uZvelesi tradiciuli simboloebis sicocxlisunarianobisa da axal konteqstSi maTi gaazrebis SesaniSnavi magaliTia. qvasvetis mTavari waxnagi (nax. 111; tab. 91). svetis mTavar waxnagze `astragalis~ Tavisebur CarCoebSi Casmuli sami figuruli kompoziciaa ganTavsebuli. qvemodan zemoT: ori orfiguriani kompozicia da naTlisRebis orfiguriani scena. daviwyeb naTlisRebis Temidan, romelic azrobrivad yvelaze mniSvnelovania ara mxolod am waxnagze, aramed saerTod svetis mTel reliefur programaSi. unda aRiniSnos, rom es aris erTaderTi siuJeturi kompozicia svetis mTels reliefur dekorSi. naTlisReba (nax. 111; tab. 91, 11). qvajvaraze am scenis yvelaze mokle da lakoniuri redaqciiTaa warmodgenili. ar aris araviTari miTiTeba moqmedebis adgilze, mdinare iordaneze an sanaTlavze. scenis identificireba personaJTa ikonografiuli niSnebiT, maTi urTierTmimarTebiTa da pozebiT xerxdeba. kompozicia Sedgeba ori personaJisagan, romelnic gluv neitralur fonze arian warmodgenilni. marjvena, ufro mozrdili figura _ grZelTmiani, wverulvaSiani mamakaci, romlis rTuli Sedgenilobis tansacmeli sagangebo ornamentuli xerxebiTaa gadmocemuli, ikonografiuli niSnebiT, poziTa da JestiT ioane naTlismcemelia. paraleluri talRovani xazebiT damuSavebuli grZeli Tma mas mxrebze efineba. marjvena gawvdili xeliT igi mis gverdiT gamosaxul SedarebiT ufro patara figuris Tavs exeba, rac naTlisRebis siuJetze miuTiTebs. sqematurad gadmocemuli xelis mtevnis forma qristes Tavis moxazulobas miuyveba (Sead. brdaZoris stelis kapitelze gamosaxul analogiur scenaSi ioanes Jesti da imave qvasvetze, mis zeda nawilSi gamosaxuli didebulis Jesti, romliTac igi RmrTismSoblis Tavs exeba). ioanes marjvena zeaRmarTul xelze mosasxamis maraosebr gaSlili nakecebia gadmofenili, yoveli nakeci kovziseburi ornamentiTaa damuSavebuli. marcxena mxarze mosasxamis ovaluri nawilia dafenili, misi nakecebi koncentruli rkalebiTaa gadmocemuli. idayvSi moxril marcxena xelze ki _ 73 _ mosasxamis grZeli kalTaa gadmokidebuli. mosasxamis qveS moCans damaxasiaTebeli formis samoseli, romlis qveda nawilSi mkafiodaa naCvenebi qsovilis rombuli ornamenti. mis SigniT, yelTan lilviT dasrulebuli sada, usaxo qsovilis kaba moCans. naTlad ikiTxeba qobis moxazuloba, romelic Seesabameba fexebis moZraobasa da maT formas. ioanes figura mTlianad avsebs kadrs, TaviT igi zeda CarCos ebjineba, rac optikurad zrdis mis realur zomas. naTlismcemeli xedvis ori wertilidanaa gamosaxuli: Tavi da fexebi profilSi, sxeuli ki fasSi. Tavis profiluri mdgomareobis miuxedavad, Tvali pirdapiraa gamosaxuli (zustad iseve, rogorc qristes Tvali kapitelis kompoziciaSi). sagangebo xerxiT _ paraleluri talRovani rkalebis wyebiTaa gadmocemuli ioanes Tma. aqac yuris gamosaxvis Taviseburi xerxia gamoyenebuli (Sdr. qristes saxe kapitelis reliefze). Tmisa da wver-ulvaSis dekoratulad damuSavebul zedapirze fasSi gamosaxuli didi Tvali saxes ucnaur gamometyvelebas aniWebs. ioane niadags mxolod fexis wverebiT exeba, quslebi haerSia ganTavsebuli, rogorc qarTuli qvasvetebis naTlisRebis kompoziciebSi (brdaZori, barijvari, usaneTi). qristes figura ioanesTan SedarebiT ufro mcire zomisaa. igi mkacrad frontaluria. qriste welszemoT SiSvelia gamosaxuli, mkerdi ori ovaluri amoweuli sibrtyiTaa aRniSnuli. wels qvemoT mas mokle kvarTi mosavs, romelic kovziseburi ornamentis paraleluri wyebiTaa Seqmnili. marjvena xeli zeaRmarTulia, idayvSi moxrili marcxena xeli welis doneze horizontaluradaa mimarTuli. erTmaneTTan mityupebuli, CarCoze myarad mdgari fexebis blokuri forma amZafrebs statikurobis SegrZnebas, rasac xels uwyobs profilSi gamosaxuli terfebis simetriuli ganlageba. qristes figura disproporciulia, sakmaod didi Tavi TiTqmis ukisrod, pirdapir mxrebzea dadgmuli (kiseri wvrili lilviTaa aRniSnuli). amgvari deformacia reliefs Tavisebur eqspresiulobas aniWebs. yuradRebas ipyrobs qristes saxis gadmocema: Suaze gayofili grZeli talRovani Tma simetriulad aCarCoebs saxes da mxrebzea dafenili. saxis brtyel zedapirze nakvTebis forma msubuqad CakveTili xazebiTaa aRniSnuli (loyebi _ ovaluri sibrtyeebi, cxviris forma warbis xazidan dawyebuli vertikaluri CanaWdevebiTaa miniSnebuli). plastikurad gadmocemuli didi Tvalebis (CaCxvletili gugebiT) mzera usasrulobiskenaa mimarTuli. odnavi CanaWdeviT aRniSnuli patara bage am epoqis reliefuri saxeebisTvisaa damaxasiaTebeli. zedapiris damuSavebaSi ori urTierTsawinaaRmdego xerxia gamoyenebuli. moqandake minimaluri mxatvruli saSualebebiT, ukiduresi pirobiTobiT axerxebs siuJetis arsis gadmocemas. kompoziciis mTavari mxatvruli maxasiaTebelia kontrasti qristes figuris mkacr ieratulobas, sqematur, sibrtyobriv damuSavebasa da ioanes figuris xedvis ori wertilidan Cvenebasa da mis ornamentul damuSavebas Soris. mniSvnelovania kontrasti qristes figuris didi gluvi sibrtyeebiT gadmocemasa da ioanes Warbad drapirebuli, mravalfeniani samoslis cxovelxatul zedapirs Soris. amas emateba qristes figuris frontalurobisa da sibrtyobriobis dapirispireba ioanes figuris erTgvarad `sivrcobrivi~ gadmocemasTan. sruli garindebulobisa da moZraobis pirobiTi Cvenebis amgvari SeTavseba ucxo ar aris qarTuli qvasvetebis `naTlisRebis~ reliefuri scenebisaTvis (ix. JaleTis sanaTlavi) [qadeiSvili n., 1964, tab. 4]. naTlisReba saxarebis im Temebs miekuTvneba, romlebic xSirad gamoisaxeboda adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTul reliefebze. es kompozicia Sesulia qvajvarebis svetebis relie_ 74 _ fur programebSi (brdaZori, berijvari, usaneTi), igi amkobs JaleTis sanaTlavs, webeldis kankelis filas. naTlisRebis Tema dmanisis qvasvetze, iseve, rogorc saxarebis sxva siuJetebi qarTul qvajvarebze, misi umoklesi redaqciiTaa mocemuli. amgvari midgoma saerTod damaxasiaTebelia adreuli qarTuli reliefebis lakoniuri metyvelebisaTvis [maCabeli k., 2006, 41-52]. saxarebis es siuJeti umeteswilad mxolod ori mTavari personaJiT Semoifargleba, masSi mxolod qriste da ioane naTlismcemeli (ix. brdaZoris, berijvris qvasvetebi) monawileoben. zemoxsenebul sam qvasvetze naTlisReba rTuli ikonografiuli programis Semadgeneli nawilia. usaneTis qvasvetze am RirsSesaniSnav movlenas eswreba erTi angelozi, JaleTis sanaTlavze scenis mTavar monawileebs emateba ori angelozi. aseve ori angelozia gamosaxuli webeldis kankelis analogiur scenaSi. qvasvetebze gamosaxuli naTlisRebis scenebidan or SemTxvevaSi (berijvris, usaneTis) naTlisReba xdeba sanaTlavSi, erT scenaSi (brdaZori) _ mdinare iordaneSi. samive scenaSi qristes Tavs zemoT didi zomis mtredi _ suli wmidis simboloa gamosaxuli, rac xazs usvams naTlisRebis movlenis gansakuTrebulobas. yvela scenaSi qristes Tavs ukan gamosaxulia jvari (jvrul Saravandze miniSneba). samive SemTxvevaSi qriste gamosaxulia norC asakSi, rac ar Seesabameba istoriul viTarebas da simbolurad miuTiTebs naTlisRebaze, rogorc axali sicocxlis dabadebaze. qarTul qvasvetebze gamosaxuli naTlisRebis scenebis ganxilva gviCvenebs, rom moCvenebiTi erTgvarobis miuxedavad, maT Soris mniSvnelovani gansxvavebebicaa: naTlisReba sanaTlavSi da naTlisReba iordaneSi, ori moqmedi piri da naTlisReba angelozis TanxlebiT. ufro metic, Tu am Temas ganvixilavT ufro farTod da gaviTvaliswinebT amave epoqis sxva reliefebsac analogiuri siuJetiT, aRmoCndeba, rom qarTvel ostatebs ikonografiul tipTa SerCevis farTo SesaZleblobebi hqondaT. amis dasamtkiceblad sakmarisia mivmarToT analogiur scenas JaleTis sanaTlavze da webeldis filaze. oriveze warmodgenilia asakovani, wverosani qristes naTlisReba ori angelozis TanxlebiT. magram am ori reliefuri scenis msgavseba amiT amoiwureba, radgan yoveli maTgani sruliad gansxvavebuladaa gadmocemuli. ioane naTlismcemeli JaleTis sanaTlavze, qvajvarebis gamosaxulebaTa msgavsad, kompoziciis marcxena nawilSia gamosaxuli, webeldis reliefze ki marjvniv. gansxvavebulia angelozTa ganlagebac: JaleTis reliefze angelozebi TiTqos awonasworeben ioanes figuras kompoziciaSi, webeldis filaze ki ori angelozi zemodan aCarCoebs kompozicias. SeiZleboda kidev mTeli rigi ikonografiuli Tanxvedrebebisa da gansxvavebebis dasaxeleba, magram aRniSnulic sakmarisia imis saCveneblad, rom adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTvel ostatebs saSualeba hqondaT SeerCiaT naTlisRebisa da saerTod, saxarebis nebismieri Temis ikonografiuli versia imis mixedviT, Tu ra mxatvrul-Teologiuri amocanebi idga maT winaSe. rogor mimarTebaSia dmanisis qvasvetze warmodgenili naTlisRebis scena am kompoziciis dReisaTvis cnobil qarTul versiebTan? erTi SexedviT, dmanisis naTlisReba TiTqos miuyveba qvasvetebisaTvis Cveul lakoniur orfigurian sqemas, magram dmaneli ostati Tavis lakonizmSi ufro Sors midis _ erTaderTi miniSneba kompoziciis siuJetze ori figuris urTierTmimarTebaa (qriste, ioane). qarTul qvajvaraTa sxva analogiur reliefur kompoziciebTan SedarebiT dmanisis ostati meti abstragirebis gzas irCevs. misi naTlisReba umartivesi formulaa, `ieroglifebze~ dayvanili simboluri saxe, romelic movlenis arss zustad da advilad sacnobad gadmoscems. _ 75 _ gansxvavebulia dmanisis naTlisRebis adgili qvasvetis erTian ikonografiul programaSi. zemomoyvanil qvajvarebze es scena svetis qveda registrSia gamosaxuli. saxarebis aRniSnuli siuJetis amgvar topografiaSi gamomJRavnda am rigis sakulto ZeglebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli qvasvetis waxnagebze siuJetebis qronoligiuri TanmimdevrobiT ganTavsebis kanoni, romlis Tanaxmad, Temebis vertikaluri ganawileba qvemodan zemoT saxarebis movlenebis istoriul mimdevrobas Seesabameba. magram aRniSnuli qvasvetebis programebi saxarebis ramdenime Temas moicavs da maTSi es scena sxva movlenebTan zustad gaTvlil mimarTebaSi gamoisaxeba. dmanisis qvasvetze gansxvavebuli mdgomareobaa. svetis waxnagebze naTlisReba erTaderTi siuJeturi kompoziciaa. igi stelis safasado mxaris yvelaze maRal registrSia ganTavsebuli, rac saerTo ikonografiul programaSi mis gansakuTrebul mniSvnelobaze miuTiTebs. orfiguriani kompoziciebi (nax. 111; tab. 91, 12). naTlisRebis scenis qvemoT ori orfiguriani kompoziciaa. zeda kompozicia dazianebulia, misi reliefuri zedapiri TiTqmis mTlianadaa gadafxekili. Tavebi Camotexilia, ganirCeva mxolod figurebis zogadi siluetebi da kostiumebis saerTo monaxazi. marcxena figuris TavTan SeiniSneba Saravandis kvali (?). orive figuras xelebi mkerdTan aqvs mitanili Semxvedri moZraobiT (marjvena xeli marcxenaze odnav zeviTaa ganlagebuli). aseTi poza axasiaTebs mociqulebs, romelTac xelSi saxareba swored aseTi JestiT upyriaT: marcxena xeli qvemodan iWers wmida wigns, marjvena ki zemodan exeba mas. orive figura erTnairad unda yofiliyo Semosili. oriveze ganirCeva mosasxamis moxazuloba, romelic orive mxares sxeulis siluets miuyveba. marjvena mxares mosasxamis kalTa ufro grZeli da viwroa, marcxena mxares ki ufro mokle da gansxvavebuli formisa. orive figuraze ganirCeva samoslis ovaluri, winsafrisebri forma, romlis SigniTac kaba gansxvavebuladaa gadmocemuli: marcxena figurasTan kaba damuSavebulia ovaluri moxazulobis ori mogrZo formis saxiT (pirobiTi miniSneba fexebis formaze, rac, SesaZloa, moqandakis xelT arsebul nimuSze fexebis plastikuri gadmocemis Tavisebur sibrtyobriv versias warmoadgens), marjvena figuris Sida kaba `winsafris~ qvemoT ori vertikaluri ormagi xaziTaa aRniSnuli, rac samoslis nakecebze (an Targze) unda mianiSnebdes. orive figuris kabebi qvemoT horizontaluri ormagi xaziT Semowerili qobiTaa dasrulebuli. qveda orfiguriani kompozicia SedarebiT ukeTaa Semonaxuli. erTnairi simaRlis ori frontaluri figura imeorebs maT zemoT ganlagebul kompozicias. figurebi piriT mayureblisken dganan, grZeli samosis qveS mxolod terfebi mouCanT. fexebi erTmaneTTanaa midgmuli, profilSi gamosaxuli terfebi simetriulad ganzea gaweuli (Sead. qristes fexebis pozicia naTlisRebis scenaSi). odnav aRniSnulia fexsacmlis quslebi. sruliad gansxvavebulia am personaJTa Cacmuloba. marcxena figuras marcxena mxarze mosasxamis kalTa ovalur nakecebad efineba (Sead. ioanes mosasxami naTlisRebis scenaSi), marcxena xelze eSveba mosasxamis drapirebuli kalTa. mosasxamis nawili rkalur nakecebad idayvSi moRunul marjvena xelzecaa gadmofenili. mamakacs marjvena xeli mkerdTan aqvs mitanili, odnav qvemoT daSvebuli marcxena xelis mtevanze ki raRac gaurkveveli formis sagani aqvs Camokidebuli. reliefze kargad ganirCeva am nivTis daWeris Taviseburi xerxi _ moCans gaweuli ceri, romliTac mamakaci iWers am sagans (Tu mis nawils). am mamakacis Cacmuloba analogiuria mis zemoT ganlagebuli figuris Cacmulobisa, gansxvavebaa mxolod detalebSi _ kabis ovaluri formis nakecebi (sam-sami yovel fexze) iwyeba SedarebiT _ 76 _ ufro qvemoT, wels qvemoT SemoWerili sartylis donidan. kabis qoba ormagi horizontaluri lilviTaa aRniSnuli. sruliad gansxvavebulia marjvena mamakacis Cacmuloba. mosasxami mTlianad faravs mis mxrebsa da mkerds, misi drapireba paralelur horizontalur nakecebadaa dafenili. am mamakacis samoselSic meordeba mosasxamis ovaluri `winsafari~, romelic zeda registris figuris samoselSi aRiniSneba. mosasxami orive mxares simetriulad miuyveba sxeulis siluets. mosasxamis SigniT moCans gansxvavebuli faqturis kaba, romelic vertikalur nakecebad efineba. aqac kabis qoba ormagi wvrili lilviTaa xazgasmuli. svetis mTavar waxnagze naTlisRebis scenis qvemoT warmodgenili anonimuri personaJebis identificireba sakmaod rTulia. amis mizezi zedapiris dazianeba da reliefebis pirobiTi, sqematuri xasiaTia. maTi vinaobis dadgena svetis ikonografiuli programis analizisa da reliefebis yvela detalis gaTvaliswinebiT unda moxdes. saqmes arTulebs is garemoeba, rom qvasvetze figuruli gamosaxulebebi sakmaod mcirericxovania, rac sxva analogiuri Zeglebisagan gansxvavebiT, ar iZleva xelmosaWid masalas maTi amocnobisaTvis. wminda personaJebis CarTva qvasvetebis reliefur programebSi am sakulto ZeglebisaTvis damaxasiaTebeli movlenaa. mociqulebi, maxareblebi, wmindanebi qvasvetebis waxnagebze Zveli da axali aRTqmis siuJetebTan erTad garkveuli wesiT gamoisaxebodnen. amis ara erTi magaliTi gvaqvs VI-VIII saukuneTa qarTul qvajvarebze. ornamentul CarCoebSi ganTavsebuli calkeuli figurebi (xandisis qvasveti), wyviladi gamosaxulebebi (brdaZori, kataula) da sam-sami figura (dmanisi, brdaZori, sacxenisi, mamula) wminda istoriis movlenebis aucilebeli Tanmxlebni arian. gamosaxulebebi umetes SemTxvevaSi anonimuria da maTi gansazRvra atributebiT da ikonografiuli niSnebiT xdeba. es sakmaod rTuli saqmea qvasvetebis reliefebis ukiduresad sqematuri da pirobiTi metyvelebis pirobebSi. am reliefur saxeebs iSviaTad Tu axlavs warwerebi. aseTi iSviaTi SemTxvevaa usaneTis qvasveti, romelzec sruliad standartul, sqematurad gadmocemul wminda personaJebs Tanmxlebi warwerebi aqvT (wm. petre, wm. pavle, wm. andria, wm. kozman, wm. damiane) [maCabeli k., 1998, 306-309]. amas isic emateba, rom qarTveli ostatebi, romlebic garkveuli kanonikuri nimuSebiT sargeblobdnen, xSirad maT imeorebdnen mniSvnelovani detalebis arsSi wvdomis gareSe, rac gamosaxulebaTa identifikacias damatebiT sirTuleebs uqmnis. wminda istoriis movlenebs qvasvetebze umeteswilad mociqulTa gamosaxulebebi axlavs (sacxenisi, dmanisi, kataula). wminda personaJebis SerCevis am zogadi principebis gaTvaliswineba uflebas gvaZlevs vivaraudoT, rom dmanisis qvasvetze naTlisRebis movlenis udidesi mniSvneloba mociqulTagan umTavresTa gamosaxviT unda yofiliyo xazgasmuli. gansakuTrebul yuradRebas imsaxurebs am waxnagis qveda registrSi warmodgenili wyvili. orive personaJi uSaravandoa, rac saerTod damaxasiaTebelia am qvasvetis gamosaxulebebisaTvis. maTi Cacmuloba, rogorc aRiniSna, sakmaod gansxvavebulia, gansakuTrebiT marjvena personaJisa. amas emateba is nivTebi, romelnic maT upyriaT xelT. sworkuTxa sagani marjvena mamakacis xelSi SeiZleboda saxarebad migveCnia, magram saxareba, Cveulebriv, vertikalurad upyriaT xelT. rodesac gavaanalize qvasvetze gamosaxul wminda personaJTa SerCeva, SesaZleblad miviCnie, rom dmanisis qvasvetis es figurebi ganisazRvros, rogorc wmida mkurnalebi, `uvercxloni~, kozman da damiane, romlebsac xelT upyriaT Tavisi saqmianobisaTvis aucilebeli sagnebi _ kolofi samkurnalo saSualebebiT da samkurnalo xelsawyoebi. amgvari identifikaciis realurobaSi erTi mxriv, gvarwmunebs am _ 77 _ ori wmida personaJis xelT arsebuli gaugebari sagnebi, da meore mxriv, is garemoeba, rom am mkurnal wmidanTa gamosaxuleba gvaqvs usaneTis qvasvetze (saTanado warwerebiT). adreqristianul xelovnebaSi am wmindanTa saxeebi sakmaod iSviaTia. amaTgan pirvel rigSi unda davasaxelo Tesalonikis galeriusis rotondis (wm. giorgis rotonda) mozaikebi (IVs. bolo _ Vs. I nax.), sadac wminda mkurnalebi arian gamosaxulni [Weitzmann K., 1979, n.491 547; Pazaras Th., 1985, tab. 12, 22, 23]. orive wmindani mozaikaze filonebiTaa mosili, romelTa kalTebi naxevarwriuladaa akrefili. aRsaniSnavia, rom maT zemoT portikebis ornamentSi farSevangebis gamosaxulebebia CarTuli. dmanisis svetis am personaJis Cacmuloba _ mxrebsa da mkerdze dafenili paraleluri horizontaluri lilvebiT damuSavebuli samoslis ovaluri nawili swored filonis Semosilobis Taviseburi sqematuri variaciaa. amasve mianiSnebs mkerdsqvemoT CamoSvebuli ovaluri drapirebuli nawili, romlis Signidan sada, usaxo qsovilis tunika moCans. qarTvelma ostatma Taviseburad gausva xazi am wmindanis gansakuTrebulobas. marcxena figura Semosilia mociqulTa da wmindanTa tradiciuli samosiT, tunikiTa da qlamidiT, magram am Cveulebriv samoselSic ostatma dekoratulobis garkveuli elementebi Seitana (sam-sami ovaluri elementi tunikis kalTaze, romelic, Cemi azriT, bizantiur reliefebze samoslis drapirebiT fexebis formis Cvenebis elinisturi tradiciis sqematuri anareklia. adreqristianul Zeglebze wmida mkurnalebis gamosaxvis magaliTebi sxvadasxva saRvTismsaxuro nivTebzec gvxvdeba: magaliTad, palestinuri warmoSobis brinjaos Sandalze (VI-VII ss.) aRmarTuli jvris qveda vertikalur mklavze gamosaxulni arian wm. kozman da wm. damiane Tavisi samkurnalo kolofebiT (jvris sxva mklavebze gamosaxulni arian wmida mociqulebi petre da pavle). wmindanebs axlavT warwera: AGIOI KOCMA KAI DAMIANE EVLOGEKATAI (wmidanni kozman da damiane kurTxeulni) [Weitzmann K., 1979, n.557, 622]. aqve unda gavixsenoT palestinuri relikvariumi, e. w. fieski-morganis stavroTeka (adreuli VIII saukune), romlis moCarCoebaSi sxva wmindanebTan erTad gamosaxulni arian wm. kozman da wm. damiane, mociqulebi petre, pavle, andria [Weitzmann K., 1979, n.574, 634-635]. CarCoze Camwkrivebuli sruliad stereotipuli, sqematuri minanqris biustebi berZnuli warwerebis TanxlebiTaa warmodgenili. qarTuli qvajvarebis svetebze wmindanTa saxeebis Sejereba adreqristianuli xelovnebis Zeglebze wmindanTa gamosaxulebebTan erT saintereso kanonzomierebas avlens. im SemTxvevaSi, rodesac maTi raodenoba SezRudulia, upiratesoba qristes pirvel mowafeebs, mociqulTa Soris upirvelesebs _ petresa da pavles eniWebaT. maT emateba wm. andria pirvelwodebulis, wm. ioane naTlismcemlis saxeebi. da bolos, aRmosavlurqristianul samyaroSi Zalze popularuli wyvili _ wmidanebi kozman da damiane. Tu sworia dmanisis qvasvetze gamosaxuli wyvilebis zemomoyvanili identifikacia, SeiZleba davaskvnaT, rom qvasvetebis qarTveli ostatebi kargad icnobdnen mTel saqristianoSi gavrcelebul ikonografiul kanonebsa da sqemebs da maT aqtiurad iyenebdnen Tavisi nawarmoebebis Seqmnisas. Tavis mxriv ki qarTuli qristianuli xelovnebis uZvelesi Zeglebi _ reliefebiT Semkuli qvasvetebi mdidar da mniSvnelovan masalas gvTavazobs qristianuli ikonografiis adreuli etapis Sesaswavlad. ornamentebi (nax. 112, 121; tab. 92, 101). qvasvetis ori gverdiTi waxnagi mcenareuli ornamentis vertikaluri zolebiTaa Semkuli. kuTxis crusvetebisa da wvrili lilvebiT SemosazRvruli svetis sibrtyeebi xaliCiseburadaa dafaruli ostaturad amokveTili _ 78 _ daxvewili ornamentiT. ostats aqac ar Ralatobs mxatvruli alRo da is orive waxnagze gansxvavebul ornamentul motivs iyenebs. orive ornamenti adreuli Sua saukuneebis saqarTveloSi kargan cnobili da gavrcelebuli motivebia. erTi waxnagis ornamentia urTierTgadaxlarTuli sammagi lilvebiT Sedgenil medalionebSi moTavsebuli rvafurcla vardulebis mwkrivi. ornamentis raporti waxnagze xuTgzisaa ganmeorebuli. medalionebsa da CarCos Soris darCenili samkuTxa areebi palmis rtos stilizebuli ornamentiTaa Sevsebuli. zemoT ukve aRiniSna, rom qristianobis adreuli periodidan moyolebuli, rodesac yalibdeboda qristianuli simboloebis `leqsikoni~, palma maradiulobis (aeternus) simbolod moiazreboda, igi imavdroulad zeciur samyaroze, samoTxeze, maradiul netarebaze miniSneba iyo [Уваров А. С., 1908, 113, 123, 155]. svetis vertikaluri viwro waxnagis formasTan morgebuli es ornamenti farTodaa gavrcelebuli VI-VII saukuneebis qarTul qvajvaraTa svetebis reliefur dekorSi. am sakulto memoriul Zeglebze palmis motivi yovelTvis didi taqtiTa da mxatvruli gemovnebiTaa gamoyenebuli. qvajvarebis am ornamentis gamoyenebis ufro Zveli magaliTi gvaqvs bolnisis sionis plastikur dekorSi _ samxr. portikis aRmosavleTis kapitelis kuTxe Sevsebulia palmis rtos stilizebuli gamosaxulebiT, romelic kargadaa morgebuli kapitelis CamokveTili kuTxis formas [Чубинашвили Г. Н., 1940, tab. VI]. medalionebSi Casmuli sxvadasxva ornamentuli motivi (varduli, palmeti, jvari, sxvadasxva cxoveli) gamoyenebulia qvasvetebis jgufze bolnisisa da dmanisis raionebidan, davaTis qvasvetze. am ZeglebTan SedarebiT, dmanisis qvasvetis vardulebiani ornamenti Sesrulebis gansakuTrebuli ostatobiT gamoirCeva. naxatis saiuveliro sizuste, kveTis siwminde, plastikuri modelirebis xarisxi am ornamentul kompozicias gansakuTrebul gamomsaxvelobas aniWebs. mravalfurcliani vardulebis dekori, romelic Tavisi xasiaTiT ornamentebis aRmosavlur tips ganekuTvneba, qristianul xelovnebaSi V saukunidan vrceldeba (sarkofagebi, ambionebi, kiboriumebi). gansakuTrebiT popularuli iyo es motivi sasanur reliefebsa da qsovilebSi, saidanac farTod gavrcelda sxvadasxva qveyanaSi [Dalton O. M., 1961, 698699, sur. 379; Brehier L., 1936, tab. XIV]. aRmosavluri sawyisebi aqvs bizantiaSi gavrcelebul spilos Zvlis e.w. `vardulebian~ kolofebs (IX-X ss.) [Goldschmidt A., Weitzmann K., 1979]. adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTul reliefebze vardulebi gvxvdeba qvajvarebis jgufze bolnisidan, JaleTis sanaTlavsa da qvasvetze, davaTis erT-erTi svetis fragmentze, atenis sionis saktitoro reliefebze, mcxeTis jvris aRmosavleTis fasadis ktitorebis kostiumebze. vardulebis modelirebis xasiaTi, furclebis kveTis manera did siaxloves avlens VI-VII saukuneebiT daTariRebul qarTuli reliefuri dekoris nimuSebTan, maT Soris zustad daTariRebul qvasvetebTan (medalionebi qvasvetis kapitelze dmanisidan, sacxenisis qvasvetis moCarCoebis vardulebi da sxv.) [maCabeli k., 1998, il. 1,7,18]. qarTul qvajvaraTa reliefebze dakvirvebam damarwmuna, rom xSir SemTxvevaSi vardulebis motivi (oTxfurcla, rvafurcla) gamoiyeneboda jvris azrobrivi mniSvnelobiT da mis sanacvlod. ase magaliTad, dmanisis kapitelze jvris Tayvaniscemis reliefuri kompoziciiT or waxnagze gamosaxulia samsafexurian bazaze aRmarTuli tolmklava jvari, mesameze ki _ analogiur postamentze aRmarTuli medalionSi Casmuli rvafurcla varduli. am ornamentuli motivis warmodgena kapitelis waxnagze damoukidebel `xatad~ jvrian kompoziciebTan mis identurobas adasturebs. am SemTxvevaSi varduli jvris sinonimadaa _ 79 _ gamoyenebuli. vardulis aseTi semantikuri gagebis araerTi magaliTi gvaqvs adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTul reliefebze. uZvelesi astraluri simbolo _ varduli, romelic, misi mcenareuli sawyisidan gamomdinare, Zvel xelovnebaSi sicocxlis xis niSnadac aRiqmeboda, mTel rig SemTvevebSi tolmklava jvris tolfardad da mis Semnacvlebel elementad gamoiyeneboda (VI-VIII ss. Zeglebi: merovinguli relikvariumi, Saint Benoit sur Loire; marmarilos reliefuri fila san pietro in vales eklesiaSi ferentiloSi, reliefi puaties wm. ioanes baptisteriumis samxr. fasadze da sxv.) [Hubert J., Porcher J., Folbach W., 1968, il. 48, 278, 311]. zemoTqmulic sakmarisia imis warmosadgenad, Tu raoden mniSvnelovani iyo adreuli Sua saukuneebis qarTveli ostatebisaTvis sakulto Zeglebis Seqmnis dros maTi dekoris umciresi niuansis gaTvaliswineba, radgan erTi SexedviT Cveulebrivi ornamentuli samkauli taZris kedelze, kankelis filaze an qvajvaras waxnagebze simbolur mniSvnelobasa da gansakuTrebul azrobriv datvirTvas iZens. dmanisis qvasvetic ar warmoadgens gamonakliss. erT organul, daxvewil kompoziciad gaerTianebuli palmis stilizebuli motivi da jvris tolfasi rvafurcla vardulebis mwkrivi Zveli qarTveli ostatisaTvis ubralo samkauli rodi iyo. garkveuli wesiT gamosaxul reliefur saxeTa es erToblioba morwmuneTaTvis misawvdomi da gasagebi, advilad amosacnobi `teqsti~ iyo, romelic bevrs eubneboda maT sulsa da gonebas. amaSi Cven Soreul winaprebs xalxis wiaRSi davanebuli uZvelesi codnis tradicia exmareboda. wreebSi Casmuli vardulebis mwkrivis ornamenti gavrcelebuli Cans qarTlSi Semonaxul qvajvaraTa dekorSi. igi kargadaa morgebuli qvasvetebis waxnagebis viwro vertikalur areebs da maT gansakuTrebul cxovelxatulobas aniWebs. svetebis waxnagebis Semkoba medalionebis mwkrivis sxvadasxva variaciebiT gvxvdeba didi gomareTis, brdaZoris, dmanisis, davaTisa da qarTlis sxva qvasvetebze, rac am ornementis garkveul teritoriul da qronologiur CarCoebze metyvelebs. svetis meore gverdiTi waxnagic mcenareuli ornamentiT mTlianadaa dafaruli. es ornamentic VI-VII saukuneTa qarTul qvasvetebzea gavrcelebuli. ufro metic, mcire gamonaklisis garda, amgvari ornamenti upiratesad swored dmanisis raionSi aRmoCenil qvasvetebze gvxvdeba. amgvari ornamentiT Semkuli ramdenime fragmenti bolnisis raionSicaa Semonaxuli. ornamentis kompozicia wvrili lilvebiT Seqmnil, erTmaneTTan dakavSirebul naxevarwriuli rkalebis ormagi mwkriviTaa Sedgenili. rkalebis SeerTebis adgilebSi daxvewili formis palmetebia moTavsebuli. am uwyveti ornamentis Semadgeneli ori analogiuri mwkrivi erTmaneTisken palmetebiTaa mimarTuli imgvarad, rom erTmaneTisken pirSeqceviT gamosaxuli palmetebi monacvleobiT Tavsdeba mopirdapire rkal

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