Herbert Weir Smyth, A Greek Grammar for Colleges

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ἐν

[*] 1687. ἐν in (poetic ἐνί, εἰν, εἰνί), Lat. in with the abl., en-; opposed to εἰς into, ἐξ out of. On ἐν with the genitive by ellipsis, see 1302.

1. ἐν with the Dative (Locative) only

a. Local: in, at, near, by, on, among: ““ἐν Σπάρτῃ” in Sparta” T. 1.128, ““ἡ ἐν Κορίνθῳ μάχη” the battle at Corinth” X. Ages. 7.5, ““πόλις οἰκουμένη ἐν τῷ Εὐξείνῳ πόντῳ” a city built on the Euxine” X. A. 4.8.22, ἐν τῇ κλί_νῃ ἑστηκώς standing upon the bed L. 1.24 (ἐν of superposition is rare), ““νόμοι ἐν πᾶσιν εὐδόκιμοι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν” laws famous among all the Greeks” P. L. 631b, ἐν ὑ_μῖν ἐδημηγόρησεν he made an harangue before (coram) you D. 8.74. With verbs of motion, see 1659 a. Of circumstance, occupation, as ““οἱ ἐν τοῖς πρά_γμασιν” the men at the head of affairs” D. 9.56 (so ἐν εἰρήνῃ, ἔργῳ, ὠφελείᾳ, φιλοσοφίᾳ, φόβῳ εἶναι; ἐν αἰτίᾳ ἔχειν to blame, ἐν ὀργῇ ἔχειν to be angry with); in the power of: ἐν τῷ θεῷ τὸ τέλος ἦν, οὐκ ἐμοί the issue rested with God, not with me D. 18.193, ““ἐν ἑαυτῷ ἐγένετο” he came to himself” X. A. 1.5.17.

b. Temporal: in, within, during (cp. 1542): ““ἐν πέντε ἔτεσιν” in five years” L. 19.29, ““ἐν σπονδαῖς” during a truce” T. 1.55, ἐν ᾧ while.

c. Instrument, Means, Cause, Manner (originally local): ἐν ὀφθαλμοῖσιν ἴδωμαι see with the eyes A 587, ἐν ἑνὶ κινδυ_νεύεσθαι to be endangered by (i.e. to depend on) a single person T. 2.35, ““ἐν τούτοις ἢ λυ_πούμενοι ἢ χαίροντες” either grieving or rejoicing at this” P. R. 603c, ἐν τούτῳ δηλῶσαι to make clear by this 392 e, ““ἐν τῷ φανερῷ” openly” X. A. 1.3.21. Conformity: ““ἐν τοῖς ὁμοίοις νόμοις ποιήσαντες τὰ_ς κρίσεις” deciding according to equal laws” T. 1.77, ““ἐν ἐμοί” in my opinion” E. Hipp. 1320.

N.—In many dialects, e.g. those north of the Corinthian Gulf (rarely in Pindar), ἐν retains its original meaning of in (with dat.) and into (with accus.). The latter use appears in ἐνδέξια towards the right.

2. ἐν in Composition

In, at, on, among (ἐμπί_πτειν fall in or on, ἐντυγχάνειν fall in with, ἐγγελᾶν laugh at, ἐνάπτειν bind on).